[Original by Aika Automotive Technology Channel]

　　If you talk about pure electric vehicles, everyone will definitely think of Tesla, but if you talk about hybrid models, I’m afraid you can’t bypass Toyota. There is a folk saying: "There are only two kinds of hybrids in the world, one is Toyota hybrid, and the other is other hybrids."Although this is somewhat exaggerated, it is enough to illustrate Toyota’s advantages in hybrid technology and its reputation in the hearts of consumers. Recently, GAC Toyota’s 60-minute dual-engine hybrid endurance race (hereinafter referred to as endurance race) kicked off in Shanghai. Can fuel consumption and speed be taken into account when running the track with hybrid models?

　　Before the start of the endurance race, let’s briefly review Toyota’s hybrid system, which is called THS(Toyota Hybrid System) and first appeared in 1997.

　　In 1997, the first generation Prius, code-named XW10, came out. It was equipped with the first generation THS hybrid system, and it was the first mass-produced hybrid electric vehicle in the world. The first generation THS system mainly consists of a 1.5L engine, a hybrid drive axle, a Power Control Unit (PCU) and a power battery pack. The sales volume of the first-generation Prius is not high, but it pioneered the hybrid electric vehicle for Toyota and even the whole automobile industry.

　　In 2003, the Prius ushered in a new generation, and the second-generation Prius code-named XW20 appeared. At the same time, its hybrid power system has been upgraded from THS to THS ⅱ, and the engine, motor, battery pack and other components have been improved. At that time, the situation in the Middle East was tense, and the international oil price continued to rise. Therefore, the second-generation Prius with a comprehensive fuel consumption of only 5.2L per 100 kilometers received great attention. In addition to winning the prize, the second-generation Prius has also achieved great success in sales.

　　In 2009, Toyota released the third generation Prius, and its hybrid system also ushered in a major upgrade. A 1.8L Atkinson cycle engine with thermal efficiency as high as 38.5% replaced the previous 1.5L engine. At the same time, the transmission between the power splitting device and the reduction mechanism is changed from chain transmission to gear transmission, and the structure is more compact. The third-generation Prius was a great success, with sales exceeding 1 million vehicles in two years.

　　In 2015, Toyota released the fourth generation Prius at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The biggest change of this generation of hybrid system is that the structure of the hybrid drive axle has changed. In the previous hybrid system, the driving motor and the generator were arranged coaxially on the left and right sides of the planetary gear device respectively; In the new hybrid system, the driving motor is moved to the other side of the planetary gear device, arranged in parallel with the generator, and connected with the reduction mechanism through the balance shaft gear. This change makes the hybrid drive axle more compact, and the length is shortened from the previous 409mm to 362 mm. At the same time, due to the reduction of the number of parts, the mechanical loss is also reduced by 20%.

　　In addition to Toyota’s hybrid system, Honda’s i-MMD hybrid system is also widely sold in China. Although they are all hybrid systems, their driving logic is essentially different. The former connects the engine and two motors through the planetary gear mechanism and works in harmony. Honda’s i-MMD hybrid system has no planetary gear mechanism, which uses electricity at low speed and starts the engine to charge when the power is low; The engine will directly drive the vehicle at high speed.

　　This endurance race includes all hybrid models of GAC Toyota — — The positioning of the three models is different, and they are also very representative in terms of power system.　　

If you want to ask what "killer" is the most deadly, there is no doubt that "sudden death" must be on the list.

After all, it comes too suddenly, and it can kill people in an instant.

In addition, sudden death is also very "have no martial ethics", and men, women and children may become its "prey".

Some people feel very anxious when they hear "sudden death", and some people don’t take it seriously at all. Interestingly, there is the same reason behind these two types of people:

I really don’t know how to prevent it!

However, sudden death is not completely untraceable.

In the journal of chinese journal of critical care medicine, Kangkang found such a study: Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of 5,516 Cases of Sudden Autopsy Death in China.

Let this study tell us what the laws of sudden death are and how to prevent them.

Emotional excitement is the number one inducement.

These days, everyone is trying hard to be an "emotionally stable" person.

There are many benefits, for example, reducing the risk of sudden death.

In the investigation of this study, the statistical results of the causes of sudden death show that among the main causes of sudden death, the top three are emotional excitement (25.66%), fatigue (24.53%) and blood volume change (8.95%).

"Flying into a rage" may be one of the emotions most likely to induce sudden death.

We should know that when people are angry, white blood cells may increase, which in turn promotes coronary inflammation and increases the vulnerability of plaques, thus leading to cardiovascular events.

Next to emotional excitement is fatigue, which includes fatigue caused by high-intensity physical activity in a short period of time and chronic fatigue caused by lack of effective rest for a long time.

When people are physically overdrawn and too tired, their blood pressure will rise, and the oxygen consumption of the heart will increase. Not only people with basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are prone to sudden death, but young people who are otherwise healthy will also have an increased risk of sudden death due to long-term chronic fatigue.

Hypertension patients are "extremely dangerous" people.

Even if they encounter the same inducement, some people die suddenly, while others are safe and sound.

What are the differences between us?

According to the analysis of the past medical history of sudden death, we can know that among the high-risk medical history that affects sudden death, the top three are hypertension (37.95%), heart disease (30.02%) and diabetes (23.79%).

In addition, dysplasia, hyperlipidemia, tumor, infection and hyperthyroidism will also increase the risk of sudden death.

In fact, whether hypertension, diabetes or heart disease will directly increase the risk of sudden cardiac death.

Especially hypertension, if the patient’s blood pressure is not controlled, the risk of sudden cardiac death will be about 30% higher than that of healthy people.

For every 20/10mmHg increase in blood pressure, the risk of sudden death will increase by another 20%.

The risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertension and diabetes is six times higher than that in patients without diabetes.

Fortunately, it is not difficult to prevent, find and treat these diseases early.

If the indicators are controlled within the ideal range by taking drugs and improving lifestyle when diseases such as hypertension and diabetes just appear, not only the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications will be reduced, but also the risk of sudden death will be effectively controlled.

Most of the elderly are sudden cardiac death.

Among sudden death cases, the proportion of sudden cardiac death is as high as 57.76%. Among sudden cardiac deaths, coronary heart disease (55.24%) was the most common, followed by pulmonary sudden death (21.63%) and brain-derived sudden death (9.21%).

There are also significant differences in the types of causes of death in different age groups.

__

0-3 years old, pulmonary sudden death is the majority.

3-15 years old, brain-derived sudden death is mostly.

After the age of 15, sudden cardiac death became the first cause of death.

Among them, the age of 31-63 is the peak of sudden cardiac death.

In other words, it will be one of the most effective means to prevent sudden death if everyone takes good care of his heart after entering adolescence.

Especially after the age of 31, because of the high pressure of work and life, people tend to be in a sub-health state, and at the same time, they often have an "overestimation" of their health, which leads to frequent accidents.

Away from five scenes, the risk of sudden death is lower.

After understanding these laws of sudden death, I believe that everyone must have more ideas on how to protect their health and life.

However, Kangkang still advises everyone to stay away from the following five scenarios.

1. I’m full

Overeating not only easily leads to obesity and a series of health hazards, but also easily induces acute pancreatitis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

2. Too much to drink

Excessive drinking will not only easily lead to large fluctuations in blood pressure, but also increase the load on the heart, and long-term heavy drinking will also increase the risk of digestive tract diseases and tumors.

3. Hold it for a long time

If you wait for a long time before going to the toilet, it may induce a large fluctuation of blood pressure and cause some unexpected problems.

4. Sitting for a long time

In work and study, we have to get up and exercise after sitting for a long time. If it is inconvenient to move because of some special reasons (such as injury), we should also pay attention to proper massage and activity of lower limbs to prevent thrombosis.

5. Large temperature difference

Extreme climate is easy to occur in winter and summer. At this time, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is very large, which is easy to induce acute cardiovascular events. At this time, we should also pay attention to protection.

Do you remember?

Share me with friends and relatives around you!

-Produced by the editorial department of "I wish you health" of Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Publishing House-

Text/Planning: Zhu Jingjing, Gu Xinyu

Original title: "After listening to healthy people dissecting 5,000 sudden deaths, doctors found these three laws of sudden death."

Read the original text

CCTV News:How far is it from ordinary to great?

Sometimes it’s like plains and mountains, thousands of miles apart; Sometimes it’s like a train track and a carriage, walking hand in hand … …

On July 1, 2019, 14 young party member came to Wuhan Puren Hospital to visit a 72-year-old party member, and listened to a special party class here.

"I just hope that you young people can remember the party’s teachings and always follow the party." In the hospital bed, Du Tianxiang, a 95-year-old party member, put forward high expectations for young people.

Fourteen party member gathered around the sickbed and looked at the old man firmly. At this time, they had already understood the spiritual world of the old man who had a broken back.

"As long as the party and the country need me, I will do it."

In 1924, Du Tianxiang was born in Yingkou, Liaoning.

Du Tianxiang, a young man, has experienced bloody battles and planted a seed for the country and the party.

In 1944, Du Tianxiang was admitted to the Shipbuilding Department of Shanghai Jiaotong University, which opened the door for his lifelong career.

In 1947, Du Tianxiang solemnly joined the Party and vowed clank: "I volunteered to join the Communist Party of China (CPC) and made the following vows: First, I will fight for the cause of communism all my life. Second, the interests of the party are above everything else. Third, observe the party’s discipline. 4. Never be afraid of difficulties and always work for the Party. 5. Be a model for the masses. Six, the secret of the Conservative Party. 7. Have confidence in the Party. Eight, perseverance will never betray the party. "

"As long as the party and the country need me, I will do it!" He practiced the original oath of joining the party with practical actions, which is also a true portrayal of his lifelong commitment to the party and the country.

"It’s good to be able to do something practical at the grassroots level, and I don’t feel bitter."

After work, Du Tianxiang was assigned to the central government in Beijing, and later to the Ministry of Communications. However, he volunteered to go to the grassroots level, and then transferred to the Ship Machinery Repair Factory of the Second Navigation Engineering Bureau of Wuhan Ministry of Communications as the production technical team leader, and retired as a technical consultant.

In 1950s and 1960s, Du Tianxiang was responsible for the installation and construction of belt conveyors at Maanshan Port Terminal in Anhui Province. "At that time, my father suffered from tuberculosis and gastric ulcer, but he still insisted on working in spite of his illness. When his stomach ached badly, he put his back against his stomach. Later, on a business trip to Beijing, I suddenly had a stomach perforation at midnight, and I had an emergency operation to remove most of my stomach. I went on a business trip to Jiujiang with semi-liquid food before I got well, and made a conclusion for their crane ship to improve its weight stress measurement. " Du Huidan, the second daughter of Du Tianxiang, said.

In 1970s, the team led by Du Tianxiang made a 60-ton floating crane with reference to foreign technology. He personally questioned every link from translating materials to production. After the successful trial, it became the most popular floating crane on the Yangtze River.

In the early 1980s, he became the chief technologist of the second phase project of Qinhuangdao Coal Terminal, which was jointly operated by China and Japan, and was in charge of the equipment manufacturing of the belt conveyor loading and unloading system. At that time, the belt conveyor equipment was the widest and fastest in China. At that time, the spring breeze of reform and opening up was blowing strongly, and Qinhuangdao Port was approved as one of the five key ports for national key construction.

What Du Tianxiang said most often at that time was, "When encountering difficulties, the more people say no, the more I have to do it. I have to dare to explore and try my best to overcome it."

Later, the project won the national silver award, which is the earliest and highest-standard national quality award in the field of engineering construction in China, which is not unrelated to Du Tianxiang’s efforts.

At one time, Du Tianxiang had the opportunity to go to Beijing Sino-Hong Kong Group and China Communications Design Institute, but he resolutely chose the ship machinery repair plant. Someone asked him why he didn’t go to a better place, and how bitter it was at the grassroots level. He replied, "It is good to do something practical at the grassroots level, and he doesn’t feel bitter."

For the sake of national construction, he went home only a handful of times. Sometimes when I come back, I also read books and study drawings at my desk without looking up. For a long time, his daughter repeatedly complained and didn’t understand: "When I was a child, it was difficult to see my father, even ‘ Dad ’ I can’t say two words. " On the day before the college entrance examination, Du Tianxiang suddenly realized: "Oh, you will take the college entrance examination tomorrow!" " Du Handan’s sad grievances just surged up, and he lost his temper with his father for this reason.

"You can’t afford medical care for one person at public expense, and the whole family will take advantage of it."

Du Tianxiang was indifferent to fame and fortune all his life, and regarded material enjoyment very lightly.

He has been living in a dilapidated tube-shaped building, the paint on the windows is mottled and peeled off, and the home is also simple and simple. Even the used medicine boxes are filled with dense words and cannot be thrown away.

It is not that he has no money, but that his money is spent in more important places. In the 1970s, the shipbuilding machinery repair factory was once so difficult that it could not pay wages. Without saying anything, he took out more than 40,000 personal savings to solve the urgent needs of the branch.

The virtues of diligence, sincerity and pragmatism of the elderly have merged into the blood and family style.

"Before retirement, my elder sister was in the Grain Bureau, my second sister was in WISCO, and I was doing general affairs in the Gansu project. All three of us have been down-to-earth on our own and have never touched our father’s light." "It’s not that my father doesn’t help us. He has his own principles and doesn’t want to cause trouble to the organization." Daughter Du Handan said.

When he retired, Du Tianxiang had almost strict demands on himself in terms of solatium and medication. Qiu Guihong still remembers sending solatium to Du Tianxiang: Du Lao is used to giving money in person, and he won’t feel anything wrong with it. He is such a rigorous person, and the figures must be accurate to the nearest cent, and he never asks for any more money from the public.

"His medical reimbursement is the least among all retired personnel in the company. Every time he signs a medical reimbursement form, he never lets his family sign it, and he will make the number accurate to two decimal places, and then get it to the labor management center to check and sign it with me. " Wang Zehong, a retired official, did not understand his behavior. He said, "this treatment is a special care given to me by the organization, but one person can’t pay for medical care at public expense, and the whole family can hijack it."

Du Tianxiang spent his whole life explaining his spiritual beliefs. (Source: China Communications Second Navigation Bureau correspondent: Tian Bencan Huang Mengting)

　　It is said that the Double Eleven is obviously a festival for singles.

　　As a result, it will become a single crit day every year

　　All kinds of fancy show love, sprinkle dog food

　　Really don’t be too hard.

　　Catch up with the end of the festival

　　Brought you a wave of benefits

　　Exclusive to single Wang Di welfare

　　Someone who ownsChina nurse fitness girl with bee waist and hips and vest line

　　A woman who likes fitness and has a good figure.

　　More and more in China.scarcewatch from a height or distance

　　In the fifth population census,

　　Female population in China610 million,

　　Subtract children and elderly people over 50,

　　remainLess than 300 million!

　　There are only more than 10,000 women who insist on fitness in each region.

　　The only thing that can persist for more than a few years isLess than 1000 people!

　　If you have a fitness girl around you,

　　Already very lucky!

　　Have a sweet smile and a devil’s figure

　　Like a new generation of goddess

　　She is 22 years old from Taiwan Province, China.

　　It is the same age as flowers.

　　Big eyes and a bright smile

　　Known as "Zuimei nurse practitioner」

　　Many netizens think she is.Sexiest nurse in China.

　　They all said that they really want to go. "see a doctor"

　　As soon as I get off work, it’s a completely different painting style.

　　She works in a hospital in Taipei during the day.nurse

　　After work, take off your uniform and becomeSexy spice girl

　　Show off her curvy sexy figure.

　　This post-90 s girl is also because of herdouble grading

　　andFitness and hotnessAnd become popular on the internet

　　The girl who loves fitness is really lovable.

　　Moreover, beautiful women have their own eye-catching and powder-circling effects.

　　She only shared a few 66 pictures on Ins.

　　Because of its exquisite figure, it has attracted many netizens to follow it.

　　Likes to use language as an attack weapon.

　　In Lao Guo’s view,

　　It’s all a sign of their lack of confidence.

　　But it also brought her a voice of criticism and reprimand.

　　Some people say that this is Jealous, the jealousy of Chiguoguo!

　　Some people say that as a nurse, you should have a nurse’s rule

　　Some people say that a nurse is so sexy and seductive.

　　Some people question that her figure comes from plastic surgery;

　　"She probably needs exposure to pay for breast augmentation and Botox lip augmentation."

　　At the same time, some people began to question her professionalism as a nurse.

　　what？

　　I didn’t expect the response to be so enthusiastic.

　　Despite criticism

　　But Carina Linn is very responsible when it comes to work.

　　She hopes to reassure her family and give patients the best care.

　　And said

　　"You can criticize me for dressing privately. That is your freedom of speech.

　　But what I can’t stand is that you question my nursing major. 」

　　Think that she

　　[thisIt’s a personins,Show your picture genus.private freedom,

　　It should not be confused with work major.

　　Being sour on my own website is quite puzzling]

　　It is purely for the sake of standing in front of the mirror to be more confident.

　　It’s just that I like this figure.

　　See the change through your own efforts

　　I feel very happy.

　　And I took these photos,

　　It is purely to make yourself happy.

　　「When you’re a completely different person when you take off your uniform.」

　　But it seems that I am afraid of being harassed by the sour people, so I have no choice but to delete it.

　　As a nurse,

　　Know the unhealthy aspects of plastic surgery.

　　The plump upper circumference was questioned,

　　I also posted X-rays to prove myself out of desperation.No breast augmentation.

　　It is found that exercise can strengthen local muscles.

　　But there is absolutely no such thing as losing local fat.

　　Unless you go to surgery for artificial liposuction.

　　But that’s unhealthy, you know.

　　Wheat skin and sexy body.

　　But she neglected that it was the result of her hard work.

　　After finishing her job as a nurse.

　　Stick to it for hours every day.

　　The combination of strength and eating

　　She often cooks fitness meals by herself.

　　Be extremely strict with your diet.

　　Carina also cooks all kinds of delicious food by herself.

　　Nutrition, low fat and adequate sleep.

　　Not everyone

　　Are born with a good figure.

　　Many people are trying to have it.

　　Sexy figure is not easy to get.

　　It takes time and sweat.

　　This world

　　The definition of effort is very harsh.

　　Instead of envy, it is better to exercise hard by yourself

　　Gao Shuaiqi has begun to make plans for his graduate life, which will start in September.

　　■ Our reporter Jiang Peng

　　Gao Shuaiqi, a 26-year-old boy from Henan Province, is a food delivery rider. On July 7, he waited for a surprise on the way to deliver food: the admission notice from Shanghai Jiaotong University! Gao Shuaiqi was admitted as a full-time master by Kaiyuan Law School of Shanghai Jiaotong University.

　　"Welcome to Jiaotong University." Soon, Gao Shuaiqi’s story of postgraduate entrance examination was forwarded and praised by Weibo, the official of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and was blessed by many netizens.

　　"At that time, after I delivered the order in my hand, I immediately rushed home and opened the notice with my family." Gao Shuaiqi wants to share this joy with his family most, but his father actually doesn’t know anyone after a cerebral infarction. That day, seeing the name of Gao Shuaiqi written on the notice, Gao Fu was so excited that he cried.

　　Gao Shuaiqi wiped his father’s tears while trying to calm his heart. "Seeing my father’s tears, I just want to quickly take over the burden on him. Two years of hard work finally paid off. At that time, I couldn’t help but say to myself: It’s not easy! "

　　Yesterday, when the reporter dialed Gao Shuaiqi’s phone number, it was the late rush hour of food delivery. At the other end of the phone, the young man spoke quickly: "This is the busiest time of the day, and it happens to be the weekend, and it may end later. This summer vacation, I want to send more orders for the rest of my life. "

　　"I stood on the shoulders of my parents to get here today, and now it’s my turn to take care of them."

　　Gao Shuaiqi is a retired college student. In 2015, he was admitted to Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, majoring in marketing, and served as the monitor of the class. He also joined the party in college. However, the dull college life made him feel confused about the future. After much deliberation, Gao Shuaiqi decided to drop out of school for two years and sign up for the army.

　　The days when he was stationed in the frontier made him accustomed to hard work, and also shaped a strong, optimistic and fearless character. "After you come back, I know what I really want. I wanted to see a bigger world, so I began to work hard and decided to take an interdisciplinary examination. "

　　Who knows, when preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination, my father had an accident In August last year, Gao Shuaiqi’s father was hospitalized for cerebral hemorrhage, and then he was hospitalized several times because of cerebral infarction. Gao Shuaiqi suddenly became the pillar of the family. In April this year, after Gao Shuaiqi was admitted, he decided to be a courier brother first, so that he could have an income, reduce the family’s financial burden, and have relatively free time to take care of his family, and at the same time he could continue to prepare for the "law exam" (that is, the legal professional qualification exam).

　　"My father can’t speak clearly now, and he will play with fire and water like a child, which is basically inseparable from people. I stood on the shoulders of my parents to get here today, and now it’s my turn to take care of them. " Usually, apart from the stationmaster of the express workstation, few people know that Gao Shuaiqi supports a family of four by himself. Every afternoon, when others have a rest, he rushes home to cook for his younger brother in junior high school. It’s already eleven or two o’clock when he comes home after delivery at night, and then he reads and studies, sometimes reviewing until two or three in the middle of the night. Even during the two or three months in hospital with his father, in order not to fall behind in his studies, he made a review plan for himself in the ward: memorizing 5 questions and 1000 English words.

　　Gao Shuaiqi said frankly that he dropped out of school and signed up for the army at that time in order to get out of the comfort zone and figure out what he really wanted. Now the postgraduate entrance examination also wants to get out of the comfort zone. The reason why I choose the law major is that I hope I can help more people in the future.

　　He is "Forrest Gump" in the eyes of his colleagues, and his work is very poor.

　　Gao Shuai Banner has a nickname, Forrest Gump. One of his colleagues said that he was called "Forrest Gump" because of his seriousness and persistence. "He is a zero-bad-review takeaway here. He usually works very hard. In summer, at a temperature of nearly 40 degrees Celsius, he delivered the heaviest takeaway of 80 kilograms and sent it to the 14th floor on foot."

　　In Gao Shuaiqi’s eyes, "Forrest Gump" means "don’t lie flat and rot, use your own hands to support yourself and take care of your family". Now, Gao Shuaiqi has begun to make plans for his graduate life to be opened in September: study hard and pass the "law exam"; Next, practice well to increase experience and experience; Do more things of social value and help more people in the future.

　　He admits that he is still working as a courier brother, hoping to save one or two thousand yuan before school starts. After the start of school, he is going to join the work-study program and apply for a student loan. Of course, he does not rule out continuing to send takeout.

　　It is understood that Kaiyuan Law School of Shanghai Jiaotong University has contacted Gao Shuaiqi for the first time and introduced him to various funding policies of the college.

　　Guan Hannan, the relevant person in charge of the college, said that there is more than one similar student in Kaiyuan Law School. Their self-reliance, academic commitment and outstanding performance have also become role models for more peers to some extent. The college will also provide all kinds of support for these students.

　　This college has a WeChat group called "Kaiyuan Rongyao", and many members are students like Gao Shuaiqi. One of them is Huang Jiadong, a student from a poor mountain. Huang Jiadong, who is constantly striving for self-improvement, was admitted to Antai School of Economics and Management of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and then went straight to Kaiyuan Law School to continue his postgraduate studies. He also became a candidate for national college students’ self-improvement this year. Another student named Fang Chao is about to become Gao Shuaiqi’s classmate. During the epidemic, Fang Chao was an outstanding volunteer in his community … …

　　"Every one of them has encountered difficulties and twists and turns, but they all pursue their dreams with enthusiasm and persistence. I hope that their stories will encourage more candidates in this special exam season. " Guan Hannan said.

　　　 1905 movie network exclusive feature On November 28th, the film officially landed in the mainland cinema. This is another work of Hong Kong director Peng Haoxiang, which takes the mainland as the main location of the story, and it is also the third time that the "Hong Kong director" has played a romantic comedy since he went north.

　

　　　 Looking back at this year’s cinema films, it is not difficult to find that the weight of comedy in Chinese films has begun to increase. From June to July, from Han Han’s to Ning Hao’s, comedies emerge one after another. Even Gu Changwei, a "literary veteran" who has always been known for his simple feelings, is about to launch a crazy comedy at the end of the year.

　

　　　 It’s tiring to always be serious, so "playing cheap", "selling cute", "pretending to be crazy" and "being funny" have become the main means to make jokes in comedy films. However, even if the same means are used, the effects of different techniques are quite different. It is easy to fall into the trap of "three vulgarities" (vulgarity, vulgarity and kitsch) if you don’t grasp the scale of humor and funny, which will lower the level of your works.

　

　　　 So, how to draw a clear line between humor and "three customs"? Where is the bottom line of Chinese comedies? In the end, in the busy life and serious creation, how to sell Meng and sprinkle Jiao so that people can laugh and not feel bored and vulgar?

　

Erotic edge ball: it is risky to go out of bounds, so you need to be careful when using it.

　

　　　 Peng Haoxiang, who has always been known for his cleverness and bad taste, still has no intention of giving up this time. However, compared with many small directors who deliberately sell vulgarity, Mr. Peng obviously knows the art of moderation: in watching porn, "Zhang Hui" played by Zhou Xun and "Xiao Gong" played by Huang Xiaoming did not see the live action drama — — Only the design of sound without picture retains the imagination of the protagonist and the audience, but it does not rashly touch the "red line"; Zhang Hui’s gentle kiss on Xiao Gong’s cheek will also ease the expression of lust that was originally naked and ambiguous.

　

　　　 The stem of "guillotines" is more taste-oriented. Guillotines, originally a sex toy, was almost regarded as a mobile phone pendant by Xiao Gong — — The absurd sense of dislocation dispels the deep erotic meaning, and also makes Zhang Hui’s inner secret desire naughty and expressionless.

　

　　　 In contrast, they also play "meat". In the film released in January this year, Ryan’s "Yu Fei" was a bit overdone: "One year old is the time when you come out of your mother’s body, and the nominal age is the time when you come out of your father’s body" — — The texture of the online segment is vulgar and does not help the plot to promote; Yu Fei’s drive to reach for "air milk" is too straightforward and explicit.

　

The Art of Swearing: A Joke without Dirty Words

　

　　　 The most eye-catching role in "The Best Life of a Spoiled Woman" is naturally Sui Tang’s "Green Tea Bitch". The word "green tea bitch" was born in 2013, which generally refers to a woman with long hair, pure and refined appearance, delicate appearance, harmless heart but sentimental and ambitious. In the film, Sui Tang’s "Beibei" can be added as an upgraded version of "Green Tea Bitch" — — "scheming bitch".

　

　　　 However, for this insulting word, the film resolved the embarrassment of the protagonist in time through the homophonic transformation of "green tea, no". Originally, gnashing hatred was successfully hidden through harmless deconstruction, but the seeds of hostility have been spread, and a love battle is inevitable — — The handling of cursing shows the cleverness of the screenwriter.

　

　　　 In contrast, "Miss, your camera (like a chicken)" is a bit old-fashioned and boring, and it is suspected of being too vulgar and explicit. In the movie, Yuangui Mei (Deng Chao) even directly swears at Xiaozhuang (Gulnazar) who has been deceived by himself, which directly lowers the style of the work from the beginning of the movie.

Next page: Funny and bad taste: use it sparingly and use it sparingly.

Panel data (panel　Data) is the data collected by different observation objects in different time periods or time points, describing the changes of multiple observation objects with time. For example, the GDP of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 2010 to 2020. For panel data, if only a certain time period or time point is considered, it is cross-sectional data; If only one observation object is considered, it is time series data.

CCTV News:The National Bureau of Statistics announced today (October 8) that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the structural reform of China’s energy supply side has been continuously promoted, the pace of energy green and low-carbon transformation has been accelerated, the level of energy efficiency has been steadily improved, remarkable results have been achieved in energy conservation and consumption reduction, and new progress has been made in the energy industry.

In 2021, China’s power generation was 8.5 trillion kWh, an increase of 71.1% over 2012, with an average annual increase of 6.1%. Wind power, solar energy and other new energy sources increased by 6.8 times, with an average annual growth rate of 25.7%, accounting for 11.5% of the total power generation, an increase of 9.0 percentage points over 2012.

In 2021, the installed capacity of non-fossil energy power generation in China surpassed that of coal-fired power generation for the first time, with an installed capacity of 1.12 billion kilowatts, accounting for 47.0% of the total installed capacity of power generation. The installed capacity of hydropower, wind power and solar power all exceeded 300 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world for many years in a row.

In 2021, the proportion of coal in China’s total energy consumption decreased from 68.5% in 2012 to 56.0%, a decrease of 12.5 percentage points. The proportion of clean energy such as natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power and new energy power generation has increased significantly, and the proportion of natural gas has increased from 4.8% to 8.9%, an increase of 4.1 percentage points; The proportion of primary electricity and other energy sources increased from 9.7% to 16.6%, an increase of 6.9 percentage points.

In 2021, China’s energy consumption per unit GDP decreased by 26.4% compared with that in 2012, with an average annual decrease of 3.3%, which is equivalent to saving and using about 1.4 billion tons of standard coal. Among them, the energy consumption per unit added value of industrial enterprises above designated size decreased by 36.2%, with an average annual decrease of 4.9%, which was 9.8 percentage points and 1.6 percentage points higher than the cumulative and average annual decrease of energy consumption per unit GDP, respectively, and the industrial energy saving effect was obvious.

Christopher Nolan’s 12th directorial work, Oppenheimer, a highly anticipated blockbuster film, will finally appear on the big screen in mainland China. Cillian Murphy, who worked with Nolan for six times, finally became the leading actor, playing the famous and once infamous physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. (Author: Sadako)

Although history textbooks mention the American study of the atomic bomb and the Manhattan Project, most viewers are not familiar with Oppenheimer. Nolan, who doesn’t take the usual path, has taken a fancy to this historical figure and made it into Oscar’s favorite biography type. The history behind this figure must have something strange.

Nolan emphasized that you can watch this film without doing any homework, but knowing more about the background knowledge will still make the audience better feel the ups and downs behind history.

Oppenheimer’s most important identity is "the father of the atomic bomb". He is the theoretical physicist in charge of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the Manhattan Project. The deadly weapon developed by this top secret project destroyed the two cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in 1945.

Oppenheimer stills

There is no doubt that Oppenheimer is a genius, and his IQ has far surpassed his peers since childhood, which is the starting point for him to embark on the road of developing atomic bombs. But genius may generally be accompanied by a relatively withdrawn personality, depression and even schizophrenia …

Oppenheimer expressed his views on the seriousness of nuclear weapons after the two atomic bombs detonated against Japan, and publicly opposed the development of hydrogen bombs intended for the former Soviet Union during the Cold War in later years.

Coupled with the American Communist identity of Oppenheimer’s lover and wife, he was regarded as a sympathizer of the American Communist Party when he met McCarthyism in the United States after World War II, and therefore he accepted numerous investigations. The success of the atomic bomb did not make him a "hero" in the traditional sense. He even quoted the famous saying in the Bhagavad gita: "Now I have become a god of death, the destroyer of the world."

Oppenheimer, directed by Nolan, faithfully adapted the original biography written by historian Martin Kallving and writer Kay Bird-Prometheus in America (the book was officially translated into Oppenheimer’s Biography in Chinese).

It is said that this book was given to Nolan by Robert Pattinson as a gift at the party in Tenet. Nolan became obsessed with Oppenheimer after reading it, which is also the origin of Oppenheimer.

01. Who is Oppenheimer?

Julius Robert Oppenheimer was born on April 22nd, 1904. "Julius" has the same name as Julius Caesar, but as shown in the movie, Oppenheimer doesn’t like this name and uses his middle name "Robert". He became famous for his academic talent at an early age, and began to study physics and chemistry at the age of 10.

Young Oppenheimer

When he was 12 years old, new york Mineralogy Club invited him to speak at the meeting. At that time, they didn’t realize that he was not old enough to go to middle school. He graduated from Harvard University at the age of 22, and it took him three years to complete his undergraduate course. At that time, he studied chemistry instead of physics.

After graduation, Oppenheimer went to Europe and began to study at Cambridge University. Oppenheimer’s classmates at Harvard once said that Oppenheimer confessed to him that he injected potassium cyanide into the apple on the desk of his Cambridge professor and then threw it away the next day before the professor ate it. This plot was also restored in the movie.

However, Oppenheimer’s grandson Charles once told foreign media that it was not true. "There is no record that he tried to kill people. This is a very serious accusation and historical revisionism. In Robert Oppenheimer’s life, no enemy or friend has heard of it and thinks it really happened. "

Oppenheimer was unhappy in Cambridge, and then transferred to the University of G? ttingen, where he studied under Max Born (one of the founders of quantum mechanics, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics) and obtained a doctorate in physics. He returned to the United States, became an adviser to the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) after World War I, and taught at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1929 to 1943.

Oppenheimer as Hirian Murphy.

Although President Roosevelt expressed some hesitation, the United States launched the "Manhattan Project" during World War II, aiming at researching and manufacturing atomic bombs. In 1942, Oppenheimer was recruited by leslie groves (played by Matt Damon), the commander-in-chief of Manhattan Project. In 1943, he was appointed as the head of the laboratory of Project Y (Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico), devoted to the study of weapon physics.

On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb "Trinity" in human history was detonated here under the command of Oppenheimer. In August of the same year, Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed; In November, Oppenheimer left the Manhattan Project.

02.奥本海默的家庭与爱情

艾米丽布朗特和原型对比

奥本海默于1940年与生物学家凯瑟琳“基蒂”·奥本海默（娘家姓普宁）结婚。基蒂（由艾米莉布朗特饰演）此前已经结过三次婚：她在1933年作废了第一次婚姻；她的第二任丈夫是美共，在西班牙内战期间去世；她与第三任丈夫理查德·哈里森结婚时，认识了奥本海默，与理查德离婚后，与奥本海默结婚。

基蒂和奥本海默有两个孩子：1941年出生的儿子彼得，和1944年出生的女儿凯瑟琳“托尼”。根据美国国家核科学与历史博物馆的说法，基蒂曾在上文中提到过的洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室短暂工作过，她经常为实验室内的其他科学家妻子们举办party。

她是奥本海默的第一个，也是最重要的知己。基蒂还曾经历过酗酒和抑郁症，特别是在奥本海默于1967年去世后，她于1972年在巴拿马因肺栓塞而去世。

塔特洛克和演员佛劳伦斯对比

在遇到基蒂之前，奥本海默曾与精神科医生、也是美共党员的吉恩·塔特洛克（弗洛伦斯·皮尤饰）在一起过。两人于1936年相识，但塔特洛克在1939年跟他分手了。然而，在奥本海默与基蒂结婚期间，他和塔特洛克重燃爱火。

In 1943, he even made a special trip from Los Alamos Laboratory to San Francisco to spend the night with Tatlock. Tatlock committed suicide in January 1944. There are two different explanations about her death.

03. What other contributions did Oppenheimer make?

Oppenheimer is mainly engaged in theoretical physics and has made many contributions in this field. Although he is famous as the "father of the atomic bomb", he is also responsible for inventing the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (also known as adiabatic approximation), which is a mathematical approximation method in molecular dynamics.

His work also laid the foundation for some discoveries of other scientists in the future, such as neutrons, mesons and neutron stars, and other theoretical contributions.

04. What is the Manhattan Project?

In 1939, scientists all over the world learned that scientists from Nazi Germany (including Werner Heisenberg, the Heisenberg of Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, whom Oppenheimer met at the University of G? ttingen) had learned how to split uranium atoms. This process is called nuclear fission, which requires a neutron to collide with uranium atoms, thus releasing energy, which may have devastating consequences.

This news has aroused the vigilance of scientists around the world, especially because it means that the Nazis may invent their own atomic weapons.

Albert Einstein (tom conti), who fled Nazi Germany, and physicist Leo Slizad all took action to talk with President Roosevelt about the seriousness of this situation and encourage Roosevelt to let scientists devote themselves to developing their own projects in the United States.

Einstein and Oppenheimer

Oppenheimer and Einstein in the film

The American government launched the Manhattan Project in 1942, but Einstein himself did not participate in this military and scientific project. The project was originally headquartered in new york, hence its name, and was led by Lieutenant General leslie groves (Matt Damon) mentioned above.

Comparison between groves and Matt Damon

The program has two secret nuclear facilities, one in Oakridge, Tennessee, and the other in hanford, Washington, and the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico, where Oppenheimer is the research director. Although 120,000 people participated in the Manhattan Project, only a few people knew the real purpose of their contribution.

The first atomic bomb in human history was detonated on July 16th, 1945 in the desert of Jurnada de Mueto, more than 200 miles south of Los Alamos, which was called Trinity Experiment. Oppenheimer chose "Trinity" as the code name, which was inspired by the poem of John Dunn, a British poet in the 16th century (it was also recommended to him by his lover Tatlock).

Oppenheimer et al. in Los Amos

The experimental results of the explosion shocked all the participants, and the explosion could be felt in houses 160 kilometers away, and the mushroom cloud expanded to about 12.8 kilometers above the sky.

After the Trinity Experiment, Oppenheimer recalled, "Some people laughed, some people cried, and most people remained silent." The most famous sentence he said at that time came from the Hindu classic Bhagavad-gita: "Now, I am a god of death, the destroyer of the world." （Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.）

05. What’s Oppenheimer’s attitude towards the atomic bomb?

Oppenheimer and Murphy

Oppenheimer has always been confident in his work, including the two atomic bombs that exploded in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. In the 2012 book Robert Oppenheimer: A Life in the Center, author Jay Monk wrote that on August 6, 1945 (the date when the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima), Oppenheimer and other scientists seemed to be full of victory.

As described in the book, "In the cheers, Oppenheimer told the crowd that it was too early to evaluate the results of the explosion, but’ the Japanese don’t like it’." Monk added that Oppenheimer’s only regret was that "we didn’t develop the bomb in time to deal with the Germans."

Oppenheimer was not proud or happy when the second atomic bomb destroyed Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945. Monk wrote that an FBI report said that Oppenheimer became a "nervous person" after the Nagasaki incident on August 9, and was described as "how many real benefits can be brought by unwilling to commit to continuing the atomic bomb work".

06. What did Oppenheimer say after the 1945 nuclear explosion?

On August 17th, 1945, Oppenheimer went to Washington, D.C., and sent a handwritten letter to Henry L Stinson, then the Secretary of the Army of the United States, expressing his disgust at dropping bombs and his hope that nuclear weapons would be banned. Stinson had specifically asked the atomic bomb to avoid Kyoto, because it was in Kyoto that he and his wife spent their honeymoon (this detail was supplemented by Stinson’s actor james remar and added to the film by Nolan).

Comparison between Truman and Gary Odeman

In October of the same year, Oppenheimer went to the White House to meet the then US President Truman (Gary Oldman), which was extremely unpleasant. Oppenheimer said to the president, "Mr. President, I think my hands are covered with blood." The president dismissed his confession, pointing out that it was Truman who made the decision to drop the atomic bomb, not Oppenheimer. Truman also had a bad opinion of Oppenheimer. "I never want to see that X(son of a bitch in this office again."

1945年11月，奥本海默离开了洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室的职位。在告别演讲中他承认，最初建造核弹的原因，是人们认为使用这种武器可能是赢得二战的唯一途径。一旦清楚地意识到可以在没有使用原子弹的情况下赢得战争，不同的动机就产生了。

1946年，因在洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室所做出的贡献，奥本海默被杜鲁门总统颁发了最高荣誉勋章。

07.奥本海默是美共党员吗？

在两颗原子弹爆炸后的几年，美国政治局势很紧张。奥本海默被任命为原子能委员会（AEC）的总顾问委员会主席，在这个职位上，他反对发展氢弹。

当时，美国与前苏联正深陷冷战，奥本海默反对制造氢弹的建议，被视为政治立场有问题，他很快被卷入了麦卡锡主义，受到了美国政府的调查。

斯特劳斯和唐尼对比

1953年12月，当时的原子能委员会主席（也是奥本海默的敌人）刘易斯·施特劳斯（小罗伯特·唐尼饰）通知奥本海默，由于奥本海默被指控与美共有联系，是苏联间谍，他的安全许可被暂停，敦促奥本海默辞职。奥本海默的情人塔特洛克、弟弟弗兰克·奥本海默和弟妹杰姬都是已知的美共党员，奥本海默在伯克利教书期间，以及曼哈顿计划期间都曾受到调查。

爱德华泰勒和萨夫迪对比

Oppenheimer did not resign, but asked for a hearing on the matter, which began in April 1954 and lasted for four weeks. Some of Oppenheimer’s former colleagues testified against him, including edward tylor (Beni Safdie), the future "father of the hydrogen bomb", and Taylor lost his popularity in the scientific community. In the end, Oppenheimer lost his security clearance and his job.

08. The last ten years of Oppenheimer’s life

Oppenheimer’s later years

Since 1954, Oppenheimer has been living in the Virgin Islands with his family for several months every year from time to time (this experience is not mentioned in the film). Although he lost his power in politics, Oppenheimer continued to give lectures and study physics in the following days.

In 1959, John F. Kennedy, who was still a congressman, opposed Oppenheimer’s enemy Strauss, and finally helped to end Strauss’s political career.

In 1962, Kennedy, who was already the president of the United States, invited Oppenheimer to the White House. At that time, the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission asked Oppenheimer whether to restore his security clearance, but Oppenheimer refused.

A year later, Oppenheimer won the Fermi Prize for his scientific achievements. At that time, President Kennedy had been assassinated, and his widow Jacqueline made a special trip to tell Oppenheimer that Kennedy hoped Oppenheimer would win the prize.

On February 18th, 1967, Oppenheimer died of throat cancer in his sleep at the age of 62.

In 2022, Oppenheimer’s security clearance was finally restored.

Original New World NewEra New World NewEra

Interview | Gu Yining Sun Suying Nie Yiming Wang Xiaotong Xin Na Xue Jingwen Yang Meng Zhang Wenqi

Written by | Gu Yining Ji Yuxi Nie Yiming Sun Suying Xue Jingwen

American editor | Luo Shiqi

Editor | Xue Jingwen

"Why is the food in Nanda canteen so expensive?"

On September 17th, a speech on "Nanjing University Confession Wall" aroused widespread concern among students in the school. Comparing with other universities, questioning the use of food subsidies, and criticizing the poor feedback channels … all kinds of discussions have pushed the topic of the price increase of Nantah canteen to the forefront of public opinion.

Screenshot from QQ space

However, this is only the beginning. In the following half month, the topic of "the price increase of Nantah canteen" appeared on the confession wall from time to time, and quickly spread to Zhihu and other off-campus platforms after students failed to report in "Sayuri".

Screenshot self-knowledge

In fact, the notice of the canteen price increase was issued on September 14 and officially implemented "quietly" on the morning of September 15. What are the dishes involved in this price increase? What are the reasons for the price increase? Why is there no publicity? With all kinds of questions, reporters from Xintiandi launched this investigation.

Has the price of vegetables in the canteen gone up?

Regarding "Is there any increase in the price of canteen food", the general manager of Logistics Group replied: "Except for eggs and meat buns, there is no increase in price". This is also confirmed in the answers of Director Li of the Food Center and the manager of the student’s fourth restaurant. "Only the price of eggs and meat buns has gone up, and the others have not."

"At present, what the canteen is doing is to stabilize the price," said the general manager of the logistics group. "Although the price outside has gone up, the canteen is still stabilizing the price and not letting it go up." In the filing cabinet of the dining center office, there is also a folder of "stable vegetable prices".

The folder of "Stable Vegetable Price" in the Office of the Food Center.

Director Li said that the price of self-selected dishes for dinner "has never changed". Moreover, considering the family conditions of students, the school canteen requires that low-priced dishes of 4 cents be set up. "It is required to have a dish of 4 cents, a dish of 1 yuan, and a proportion of high, middle and low grades." In the notice column of the manager’s office of the student’s fourth restaurant, you can see the documents about the sale of dishes in several price grades.

In the upper left corner of the bulletin board, there is a "Food Sales Requirements for Restaurants in the Meal Center", which clearly stipulates the standards for setting food prices.

Director Li gave a detailed account of the price increase of eggs and meat buns. The canteen received a notice at 6: 00 or 7: 00 pm on September 15th, requesting that the price of eggs and meat buns be adjusted from the breakfast service period on the next day (September 16th). Eggs are divided into three categories according to different cooking methods: the price of boiled eggs is adjusted from fifty cents to one piece, the price of tea eggs is adjusted from one piece to one piece and twenty cents, and the price of fried eggs is adjusted from one piece to one piece and five cents. And the price of 50-cent meat package is raised to one piece.

Director Li said that the boiled eggs sold in the school cafeteria have been maintained at a price of 50 cents for ten years. Originally, the food center only wanted to adjust the price of boiled eggs from 50 cents to 80 cents, but the "top leader" asked it to be "transferred to one piece at a time" and asked the food center not to issue a notice in advance in official website to inform students.

On the question of whether the price of the canteen is rising, the reporter interviewed several students who ate in the fourth and fifth dining halls of the students at random. Zhang Tongxue said that he obviously felt that eating in the canteen cost more than before, but he was not sure whether the price of the canteen really increased. "I only ordered three ordinary dishes in the fifth canteen that day, and the price was actually 17 yuan. I had never seen the number 17 before eating in the canteen, so I felt that it might be a bit expensive."

The reporter immediately asked whether the price of the canteen should also be eaten in the canteen. Zhang thought that the price "increase" of the canteen was not very outrageous, so he could accept it, and mentioned the living situation of the canteen. "It (the canteen) rose in price, and people had to live. The canteen survived very hard."

A graduate student also said in an interview that he "felt the price increase in the canteen". He recalled that when he was a freshman, he only needed seven or eight yuan to eat a meal, but now he has "doubled", and a meal may cost about 15 yuan. When asked about the comparison between the current vegetable price and the previous vegetable price, he replied, "In the past, I just thought it had gone up a little, but this semester it has gone up very far, and it costs more than ten yuan to order a few dishes casually", and mentioned that "the canteen will add meat to the vegetables and pretend it is a meat dish".

On this issue, several interviewed students also mentioned that some vegetarian dishes with shredded pork or eggs are more expensive than ordinary vegetarian dishes. One of the boys once served celery with shredded pork, which was "not much", but still sold to 4 yuan. And he didn’t notice this difference before playing, "thinking it was just a cheap vegetarian dish."

However, during the random interview, some students said they didn’t know the price increase in the canteen. In addition, some students think that "the canteen has not increased in price, and it has always been so expensive". A freshman who once studied in a university in Shanghai thinks that "the canteen is very expensive as soon as she comes to Nantah", because a bowl of Chongqing noodles she ate in the suburbs of Shanghai only costs 8 yuan, while a bowl of Chongqing noodles in the fourth student canteen costs 10 yuan.

At the same time, the reporter also compared the food prices of Nanda canteen with those of several other universities in Nanjing for reference. For example, when dining at Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the cost of choosing pure vegetarian dishes such as shredded potatoes, green vegetables, white gourd and fried fungus is 7 yuan. Among them, shredded potato is a 1.5 yuan, green vegetables are a 2.5 yuan, white gourd and fried fungus are a 2.5 yuan, and rice is a 0.5 yuan.

Nan Traditional Chinese Medicine, shredded potatoes+vegetables+wax gourd fried fungus+rice, 7 yuan.

Dining in Nanjing Normal University, including two chicken legs and a green vegetable, the total price is 8 yuan. One chicken leg (two) 5 yuan, one green vegetable, one 2.5 yuan and one rice, one 0.5 yuan.

Nan Normal University, 2 drumsticks+vegetables+rice, 8 yuan.

For a 1: 1 meal at Hohai University, the total price of shredded potatoes+cauliflower+chicken chops is 10 yuan. In the window of the mixed rice in the sixth restaurant of South University Students, vegetarian dishes are ordered by portions, and meat dishes are weighed and priced. The total price of the mixed rice with shredded potatoes, cauliflower and chicken in the sixth dining hall of Nanjing University is 12.9 yuan, and the price of mixed rice may vary greatly according to the amount of meat and vegetables.

The pricing method of food in Hohai University canteen is slightly different from that in Nanda canteen. In the canteen of Hohai University, no matter whether it is vegetarian or vegetarian, it is priced by portion. The general price of meat dishes is four or five yuan, and the general price of vegetables is one or two yuan. Rice is priced for boys and girls, 0.5 yuan for boys and 0.4 yuan for girls. Nanda’s pricing method is that meat dishes are weighed and priced, and half-meat, half-vegetarian and pure vegetarian dishes are priced by portions. The reporter made a meal containing braised pork and shredded potatoes in the fifth dining hall of Nanjing University, with a total price of 11.7 yuan. Among them, braised pork is 56 yuan/kg, which is weighed and valued, shredded potatoes is 1.5 yuan, and rice is 0.2 yuan (1 Mao/2).

The picture on the left shows Hohai University, a mixed rice with shredded potatoes, cauliflower and chicken chops, 10 yuan.

The picture on the right shows the mixed rice with shredded potatoes+cauliflower+chicken (weighed and priced) in the sixth canteen of Nanjing University, 12.9 yuan.

The price of canteen food in Hohai University

Nanjing University Student No.5 Restaurant, braised pork (weighed and priced)+shredded potatoes+rice, 11.7 yuan.

It is difficult to find exactly the same dishes for price comparison in colleges and universities in Nanjing, and the ways of setting vegetable prices in colleges and universities are also very different. However, the prices of similar dishes listed above in Nanjing universities also have certain reference value for our students to measure the pricing of dishes in Nantah canteen.

Why do students think the price has gone up?

Since the responsible persons at all levels of the Logistics Service Group have indicated that the price of the food in the dining room has not increased, why do a large number of students think that the price of the dining room has increased, whether posting online or interviewing offline?

Director Li mentioned that there may be a canteen window for profit, which violates the principle of providing dishes at different prices in a fixed proportion and reduces the supply of low-priced vegetables. "For example, we asked for four or five cheap vegetables in a window, but when we went out to check, we found only one or two." Director Li explained. In this case, the price of the dishes available for students to choose is higher, so students will naturally think that the price of the canteen has increased.

As for who is secretly adjusting this ratio, Director Li did not give a clear answer. However, according to Director Li, in every canteen, there is a deputy manager in charge of food and business. The assistant manager is responsible for the examination and approval of how many dishes to fry and how many copies to fry for each dish. Once the problem of imbalance occurs, the relevant person in charge of the food center will directly hold the general manager of the canteen accountable, and then the general manager will hold the staff at the next level accountable.

In the actual operation of the canteen, due to the influence of the course time, there will be a peak period of dining in the canteen every 12 noon and 6 pm, and a certain dish will often be sold out. If the low-priced vegetables are just sold out, and the window is not replenished in time, it may also cause students who eat at this time to feel that the price of the food is expensive.

Director Li said that all the dishes weighed on the scale at checkout, that is, meat dishes, have not changed their prices in recent years, but the prices of vegetarian dishes fluctuate according to the prices of raw materials. The reporter tried to find out the pricing of meat dishes in the previous canteen, but official website of Logistics Service Group did not publicize it, and the students interviewed had vague memories, so it was impossible to verify Director Li’s statement.

Some seasonal dishes just listed are usually more expensive. In this case, the price of vegetarian dishes made from seasonal dishes will also be high. "It is definitely impossible to sell them at 4 cents." "Who is willing to do it? I can make less money, but I won’t do anything at a loss. It’s not good to do it! " Director Li said.

In addition to the relatively fixed and long-term vegetarian dishes, the canteen will also launch some "innovative dishes". Most of these innovative dishes are meat dishes, which use the same raw materials as meat dishes with fixed prices. But the difference is that the price of innovative dishes is determined according to the market price of raw materials, so it will be higher than the price of fixed meat dishes. Selling innovative dishes at this price "can at least break even", said Director Li.

According to the regulations of the food center, the number of innovative dishes in all dishes should also be maintained at a fixed ratio. Usually, one or two kinds of innovative dishes are introduced in each canteen once a week, and these two kinds of innovative dishes will be sold together in different windows of the canteen. If the canteen deliberately raises the proportion of innovative dishes, it will also lead students to think that the price of vegetables is high.

Who will decide the canteen price and who will supervise it?

Official website of Nanjing University Logistics Service Group shows that it is a "non-independent legal person economic entity with self-financing and independent accounting", that is, an economic organization engaged in profit-making production and operation activities but without legal person status. The food center under the group is responsible for the food of about 40 thousand people in the whole school.

The canteen manager of the student’s fourth canteen said that "more than 90%" of Nanjing university canteens were contracted by catering companies, but all the canteens in Nantah were not introduced by catering companies, from construction and decoration to weekday catering, all of them were made by the catering center itself. The manager said that the school did not fully open the door for catering companies to settle in, in order to ensure food safety. "Aside from the taste, safety is definitely the safest."

Director Li of the Catering Center introduced that the canteen needs to go through the bidding process, which is handled by the bidding and purchasing office under the Logistics Service Group and the bidding office inside the Catering Center. The bidding will be re-invited every six months or one year, and the price will be adjusted every bidding to select ingredients with good quality and price.

After the epidemic, according to the requirements of the school, it was changed to the unified bidding and procurement office, and the food center could supervise the bidding, but it did not have the right to decide. In addition, the food center sends relevant personnel to the market every week to investigate the specific prices of ingredients. Although the supplier and the logistics service group agree on the price of vegetables and sign a contract, the supplier’s price of vegetables changes with the market, and the price of meals in the canteen cannot be changed at will. If the supplier’s price fluctuates too much, or the quality of ingredients is not up to standard, the food center will report to the higher authorities and put forward suggestions to adjust the supplier. In contrast, the bidding and purchasing office can also conduct reverse supervision on the price of canteen food in the food center.

The manager of the fourth student canteen mentioned that Nantah and several other universities in Nanjing, such as Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing Audit University, formed the "Jiangsu University of Higher Learning Purchasing Alliance", and the prices of purchased ingredients were lower. Director Li said that before the epidemic, several universities unified bidding, but during the epidemic, the bidding system was adjusted and Nantah no longer participated in unified bidding. The reporter went to the bidding and purchasing office for verification. The staff of the department said that Nantah has indeed started to prepare for separate bidding, but at present, the ingredients used in the canteen are still provided by the company that won the bid in the previous unified bidding.

According to the "organization" announcement of official website, the logistics service group of Nanjing University, the canteen operates according to the organizational structure of "vice president (in charge of logistics)-logistics service group-group office-dining center-canteen manager-staff". Each canteen is jointly managed by the general manager and the deputy manager. The manager is responsible for the overall management of the canteen, and the deputy manager is in charge of the food business.

The price of food raw materials is determined by the market, while the price of food is determined by the canteen manager after accounting the cost. In this process, the price of dishes is supervised by the bidding office, the upper management and the students.

However, the canteen manager does not have the power to adjust the price of food at will. If the price adjustment of individual dishes is involved, the manager needs to apply to the food center, and the food center then applies to the manager of the logistics group, and the price can be adjusted only after approval. According to Director Li, in the past few years, the canteen has been in a state of "flat profit" or "operating at a loss" because of the low price of dishes. They have applied to the logistics service group for price adjustment many times, but they have never been approved. This time, the price increase "should be agreed by the vice president in charge of logistics".

The reporter also questioned some students about the price increase of some dishes in Jinling Snack. Director Li said that he didn’t know about it, and explained to us that although Jinling Snack was managed by the canteen, its "supply form" was more like an outside restaurant. In addition, the chefs of Jinling Snack are hired from off-campus restaurants, and their salary is higher than that of ordinary chefs in the canteen, so the price of their dishes will be higher than that of the dishes served in the dining room. As for the price increase of small fry, the canteen said it would continue to strengthen supervision and respond in a timely manner.

From time to time, some students reported that there were bugs and sand in the food. Director Li said that he could only strengthen supervision, "starting from raw materials and starting from scratch", but "no one can guarantee to eliminate it fundamentally".

Why does the canteen increase in price?

Affected by this year’s epidemic, the management of Nanda canteen is not optimistic. The general manager of the logistics group said that the canteen has been operating at a loss since the epidemic and is in a state of debt. The manager of the student’s fourth restaurant said, "The canteen doesn’t make money. It can only be said that the income and expenditure are flat and there is a slight surplus. " He explained that the operating costs of the canteen include utilities and employees’ salaries, and employees have to pay five insurances and one gold. There are more than 200 employees in the canteen of Xianlin Campus. Generally speaking, there are 40 or 50 employees in a canteen, and the usual basic salary should be paid to them normally during the epidemic. When asked about the basic salary of employees, he immediately replied: "2020!" (Note: Nanjing minimum wage is 2020 yuan/month)

In order to verify the canteen manager’s statement, the reporter tried to inquire about the relevant job advertisements and salary standards on major recruitment websites, but did not find the release information. According to the aunt who cooks in the canteen, their salary is divided into two parts: fixed salary and performance. Before the epidemic, it was more than 30 yuan a day. When the window benefit is not good, it can only take more than 2,000 yuan a month. During the epidemic, the salary is 40 yuan per day. After the school started in September, the salary did not rise.

The difficulty of employment is also a big problem in the canteen. "Basically, every canteen is short of people." The manager of the fourth student canteen said, "Young people don’t want to work, and more than 50 staff members have retired." Director Li also said that the staff are nervous. "Now employees are not easy to recruit, and they all have high wages. It used to be something that three people did, but now two people have to finish it, so the pressure is also great. "

As for whether the school will give subsidies to the canteen, the answers of managers at all levels are not consistent. The general manager of the logistics group said that "the school does not give subsidies to the canteen", while director Li of the food center said, "We certainly have subsidies, and we can’t do it without subsidies. Like meat and non-staple food now, the above subsidies are basically ok. " The manager of the student’s fourth restaurant said that their employees are distributing subsidies related to the epidemic, but it is "not necessarily" whether they can get subsidies.

Food Purchasing: Has the price of raw materials gone up?

Official website of Nantah Logistics Service Group shows that in 2018, Logistics Service Group was responsible for purchasing vegetables, fresh water aquatic products, beef and mutton, condiments, miscellaneous grains, frozen chicken and duck accessories (products) and frozen conditioning products, and in 2019, rice, flour, edible oil, chilled pork and its by-products, bean products, eggs, seafood products, salt, dry goods, vermicelli and bread cakes were added on this basis. Among them, the tender announcement and bid-winning announcement of rice, flour, edible oil, chilled pork and by-products, frozen chicken and duck cut products, condiments, bean products, eggs, seafood and salt in 2019 can be found on the China government procurement website, but only the total turnover of each category and the winning bidder have not stated the unit price of ingredients. China government procurement network was founded by the Ministry of Finance and officially opened on December 31st, 2000, with the purpose of improving the openness and transparency of government procurement [1].

The announcement of winning the bid in official website of Nantah Logistics Service Group shows the unit price of raw materials such as vegetables, freshwater aquatic products, beef and mutton, chilled chicken and duck meat, miscellaneous grains and condiments. On the official website of the Food Center, the weekly market price of ingredients was also displayed. On September 23, 2020, Xintiandi reporters went to Nanda Heyuan Farmers’ Market and Xuehai Road Farmers’ Market (mainly wholesale, located in Xianlin University Town) to investigate the price of vegetables, and found that there was little difference between the market price and the advertised price of the canteen. In contrast, the price of meat and eggs in farmers’ markets is lower than that in 5 yuan, while that of vegetables is higher than that in 1 yuan or flat.

Note: The best beef price in Xuehai Road on September 23rd is 50 yuan, and the beef with bones is 25 yuan. Data gaps are unapproved prices.

In order to compare the difference between the purchase price and the market price, the latest bid (announced on August 23, 2019) was selected. Taking vegetables, chilled chicken and duck (products), beef and mutton and aquatic products as examples, the reporter compared the bid price with the market price on August 26, 2019, and found that the bid price of most ingredients was half of the market price. Among the meats, the bid price of beef and mutton ranges from 11 yuan to 23 yuan/kg, and the most expensive chilled chicken and duck meat is a catty of old hen in 30 yuan, while the most expensive aquatic product is a catty of bulk salmon in 50 yuan, and the purchase price of pork has not been announced. Among vegetables, asparagus, mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms and broad bean petals have the highest price, which is 5 yuan/kg. Among 95 kinds of vegetables, the purchasing unit price of 20 kinds of vegetables is lower than that of 1 yuan/kg.

The reporter combed the market price information released from November 24, 2018 to September 28, 2020, and found that the price of ingredients has not increased much in the past two years. According to the bid-winning price announced by the canteen, the prices of meat and miscellaneous grains remained basically unchanged in 2017-2019, and some of them declined slightly, while the prices of vegetables rose, but the magnitude was not large.

As of press time, the Logistics Service Group has not made a statement on the rising price of meat buns and eggs in official website.

Note: At the request of the parties, Director Li of Wenzhong Catering Center is a pseudonym.

reference data

1 on the China municipal government procurement network management issues notice.

http://www.ccgp.gov.cn/zcfg/mof/201311/t20131113_3591993.htm

2. Tender announcement in the first half of 2018

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/73/ef/c1215a226287/page.htm

3. Announcement of Winning Bid November 23, 2017

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/7d/cf/c1215a228815/page.htm

4. Tender announcement in the second half of 2018

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/49/4a/c1215a280906/page.htm

5. Public announcement of winning the bid August 30, 2018

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/5b/ed/c1215a285677/page.htm

6.2019-2020 Tender Announcement

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/91/98/c1215a364952/page.htm

7. Announcement on Winning the Bid of Nanjing University’s 2019-2020 School Year Food Raw Materials (Non-staple Food) Supplier Selection Project

http://www.ccgp.gov.cn/cggg/dfgg/zbgg/201909/t20190925_12992428.htm

8. Announcement of winning the bid for cold fresh pork segmentation and by-products, November 25, 2019

http://www.ccgp.gov.cn/cggg/dfgg/zbgg/201911/t20191125_13418024.htm

9. Announcement of winning the bid for bean products on November 25, 2019.

http://www.ccgp.gov.cn/cggg/dfgg/zbgg/201911/t20191125_13418024.htm

10 Announcement of Winning Bid for Dry Goods, September 24, 2019

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/81/1f/c1215a426271/page.htm

11. Announcement of Winning the Bid by Fans, September 24, 2019

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/81/1e/c1215a426270/page.htm

12. Announcement on Winning Bid of Muslim Beef and Mutton on September 24, 2019

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/81/20/c1215a426272/page.htm

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Original title: "Focus | Investigation on the price increase of Nanda canteen:" Except for eggs and meat bags, there is no price increase ""

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