Jing Jian Fa [2020] No.15

Housing urban and rural (city) construction committees, housing management bureaus and property service enterprises in all districts:

　　In order to implement the Notice of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Further Defining the Responsibility to Strengthen the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Infected by novel coronavirus, the Notice of the General Office of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Improving the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Infected by novel coronavirus, and the General Office of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Implementing the "Four-Party Responsibility" to further strengthen key groups, Places and Units Notice on Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Infected by novel coronavirus "The Work Plan for Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Infected by novel coronavirus Community (Village) in Beijing (for Trial Implementation)", in accordance with the work requirements of the Municipal Community Prevention and Control Leading Group, relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, all kinds of epidemic prevention and control work carried out by property service enterprises should be incorporated into the community prevention and control system, obey the unified arrangement, unified dispatching and training guidance of the community, and cooperate with the community to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control.

　　Two, strengthen the prevention and control work organization, do a good job in related property services.

　　1. Property service enterprises should formulate prevention and control plans one by one according to the situation of each property project, and report to the community for the record with the consent of the community. The plan should specify the responsible person, the telephone on duty, relevant prevention and control measures, emergency response, work requirements and other aspects.

　　2. Do a good job in regional prevention and control of property management. Under the unified leadership of the community, strengthen the management of environmental sanitation in the property management area and remove garbage in time; Do a good job in ventilation and disinfection of water supply facilities, elevator cars, corridors, public toilets, clubs, garbage stations (buildings) and other key parts and public areas, and publicize work information; Do a good job in the management and registration of foreign vehicles and personnel entering and leaving the community, and establish an information ledger; Cooperate with the community to do a good job in personnel investigation, publicity tips, emergency response and so on.

　　3. Strengthen internal management. All property service enterprises should earnestly fulfill their responsibilities and urge staff in Beijing to do personal protection during the epidemic and reduce going out; Wear a mask at work, and pay attention to personal hygiene before and after work; Do a good job in monitoring and recording the health of employees. When employees are found to have symptoms such as fever, fatigue and dry cough, they should be urged to go to the fever clinic of the nearest medical and health institution and report to the community; Reduce unnecessary meetings and people gathering in the community; Do a good job in ventilation, sanitation and disinfection of centralized management areas such as staff quarters.

　　4. Reasonable deployment of staff. During the epidemic prevention and control period, all enterprises should strengthen the post adjustment of internal employees to ensure the basic operation of property services; For employees in the enterprise who are not on the job, it shall be strictly implemented in accordance with the regulations of our city. Employees who are currently returning home to visit relatives in Hubei should inform the employees themselves and shall not leave Hubei to work in Beijing in violation of regulations; Staff returning to Beijing from other areas should report to the community in a timely manner according to the relevant regulations, take prevention and control measures according to the unified requirements of the community, and establish a ledger for staff returning to Beijing, and report the ledger to the community.

　　5. Establish an information reporting system for epidemic prevention and control. Do a good job in the collection and summary of prevention and control in the property management area, and report in time according to the requirements of community unity.

　　Third, strengthen inspection and guidance, and implement prevention and control responsibilities.

　　City and district housing administrative departments should bring the epidemic prevention and control work of the property industry into the unified leadership of the city and district community prevention and control groups, strengthen their work force, make overall arrangements for inspection and guidance, and support and cooperate with the territorial implementation of prevention and control responsibilities.

Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

January 30, 2020

　　Xinhua News Agency, Nanjing, December 8th (Reporter Jiang Fang) On the 8th, the reporter learned from the press conference held by the Memorial Hall for Victims of the Nanjing Massacre of the Japanese Invaders that this year, the museum has collected 1,103 pieces of historical relics, including the Journal of the Japanese Invaders, Detailed Report on the Battle of the 12th Wing of the Field Artillery and a batch of original American newspapers during the Nanjing Massacre.

　　The Journal of Joining the Army written by the Japanese invaders, Nakasuke Kimura, is about 180 pages, and the title page is titled "Journal of Joining the Army-During the War in Shanghai-Nakasuke Kimura". The recording time began on August 16, 1937 and ended on December 31, 1937. This "Military Journal" does not involve front-line operations, but records in detail the information collection work carried out by the Shanghai Dispatching Army Reporting Department and the Central China Army Secret Service Department. The full name of "Nakasuke Kimura" is Matsujiro Kimura.

　　The reporter saw in the Military Journal that the atrocities committed by the Japanese army in Nanjing were recorded in a journal on December 21st: "It’s a pity that there have been a lot of robberies, rapes and forced entry into houses. During my stay, hundreds of foreigners and Chinese came to the consulate to complain. The Japanese army broke into embassies (with some exceptions), houses and schools of various countries, and the behavior was barbaric. "

　　Eidelin, head of the cultural relics and historical materials department of the memorial hall, said that in addition to the Military Journal, Japanese friend Dadongren also collected a detailed report on the battle of the headquarters of the 12 th Wing of the Wild Artillery on behalf of the memorial hall this year, recording the relevant orders issued by the team leader Nakano Asano; In addition, there is a "Action Map of the 12th Wing of the Field Artillery after Landing" which records the marching route map of the Ministry to Guangde and Wuhu after landing from Hangzhou Bay on November 5, 1937.

　　It is noteworthy that Chinese-American Lu Zhaoning once again came to Nanjing and donated 125 American newspapers, including The New York Times’s Chicago Daily Forum, San Francisco Chronicle, new york World Telegraph and St. Louis Post. Among them, The New York Times, USA on December 6, 1937 and Chicago Daily Forum, USA on December 14, 1937, both reprinted reports in Japanese newspapers about two Japanese military officers’ competition of "one hundred people beheading".

　　Yang Xiaming, a professor at Jiangsu Administration College, believes that these newspapers not only reported the atrocities committed by the Japanese army in China, but also involved the reaction of the western world, especially the report on the "100-person beheading" killing competition, which has important historical materials, cultural relics and exhibition value.

　　It is understood that the total number of various collections in the memorial hall has reached 193,000 (sets), and the Nanjing Massacre History Image Archive Data Center is under construction.

Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, National Development and Reform Commission,
Decree No.11, 2008 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Ministry of Finance

The Measures for the Transfer of Rights and Interests of Toll Roads were adopted at the 7th ministerial meeting on June 15th, 2007, and are hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of October 1st, 2008.

Minister of Transport Li Shenglin
Zhang Ping, Director of the National Development and Reform Commission
Minister of Finance Xie Xuren
August 20th, 2008

Measures for the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads

Chapter I General Principles

　　the first　In order to regulate the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the transferor, transferee and users, and promote the development of highway undertakings, these measures are formulated in accordance with the Highway Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Highway Law) and the Regulations on the Administration of Toll Roads (hereinafter referred to as the Toll Regulations).
　　the second　The transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads within the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall abide by these measures.
　　Article　The meanings of the following terms in these Measures are:
　　(1) Toll roads refer to roads (including bridges and tunnels) that are approved to collect vehicle tolls according to the provisions of the Highway Law and the Toll Regulations. Toll roads include government repayment roads and operating roads.
　　The government loan repayment highway refers to the toll road built by the transportation department of the local people’s government at or above the county level with loans or paid funds from enterprises and individuals.
　　Operating highway refers to the toll road invested and built by domestic and foreign economic organizations in accordance with the law or the toll road with the right to repay the loan from the government in accordance with the law.
　　(two) the rights and interests of toll roads refer to the right to charge, the right to operate advertising and the right to operate service facilities.
　　(3) The term "transfer of rights and interests of toll roads" refers to the trading activities in which the transferor transfers the legally acquired rights and interests of toll roads to the transferee for compensation after the toll roads are completed and opened to traffic.
　　The transferor refers to the domestic and foreign economic organizations that transfer the legally obtained rights and interests of toll roads to the transferee for compensation according to law, including legal person organizations that specialize in the construction and management of government repayment roads for non-profit purposes and domestic and foreign economic organizations that invest in the construction and operation of operating roads.
　　The transferee refers to the domestic and foreign economic organizations that have obtained the rights and interests of toll roads from the transferor in accordance with the law.
　　Article 4　The state allows the transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads according to law, and strictly controls the transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads.
　　On the basis of comprehensive consideration of the necessity, rationality and social endurance of the transfer, the state strictly restricts the transfer of government repayment roads into operational roads.
　　The transfer of rights and interests of toll roads shall comply with the provisions of relevant laws, regulations and rules, and shall follow the principles of openness, fairness, impartiality and good faith.
　　Article 5　The State Council transportation authorities are in charge of the transfer of the rights and interests of national toll roads. The development and reform department of the State Council and the competent financial department are responsible for the management of the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads according to their respective responsibilities.

Chapter II Conditions for Transfer of Rights and Interests of Toll Roads

　　Article 6　The highway that transfers the toll right shall conform to the technical grade and scale stipulated in Article 18 of the Toll Regulations.
　　Article 7　Under any of the following circumstances, the toll right in the rights and interests of toll roads shall not be transferred:
　　(1) Two-lane independent bridges and tunnels with a length of less than 1,000 meters;
　　(2) Secondary roads;
　　(3) The charging time has exceeded 2/3 of the approved charging period.
　　Article 8　The right to charge, the right to operate advertising and the right to operate service facilities of the same toll road project may be transferred together or separately.
　　Article 9　Transfer the rights and interests of toll roads, shall not have the following acts:
　　(1) dividing a legally approved toll road project into several sections to transfer the toll right;
　　(2) Bundling and transferring the rights and interests of toll roads with those of non-toll roads;
　　(3) The transferee has not completely inherited the responsibilities and obligations originally undertaken by the transferor to the government and the public;
　　(four) the rights and interests of the government’s repayment of loans are transferred to the enterprise legal person free of charge.
　　Article 10　The transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads that have not been paid off by international financial organizations or foreign governments shall be approved by the original examination and approval department for the use of foreign loans before applying for transfer examination and approval in accordance with relevant state regulations.
　　The transferee of the transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state on investment management, report the application report of investment projects to the competent investment department with corresponding management authority for approval before applying for transfer approval. When applying for approval, the contract for the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads shall be submitted at the same time.
　　Article 11　The transfer of highway toll right shall obtain the consent of the following interested parties:
　　(1) Creditors of the highway;
　　(2) The pledgee of the highway toll right;
　　(3) All investors of the highway;
　　(4) The person whose consent is required for transfer and retransfer as stipulated in the highway investment and construction contract and the contract for transferring the highway toll right.
　　Article 12　The transferee of highway toll right shall meet the following conditions:
　　(a) the financial situation is good, and the owner’s equity of the enterprise is not less than 35% of the actual cost of the transferee project;
　　(2) It has a good business reputation, and there are no major violations of laws and regulations in economic activities;
　　(3) Other conditions stipulated by laws and regulations.
　　When transferring the right to operate highway advertising and service facilities separately, the conditions that the transferee should meet shall be implemented in accordance with local laws and regulations of the provincial people’s government.
　　Article 13　To transfer the government’s right to charge for road repayment, you can apply to the provincial people’s government to extend the charging period, but the extension period shall not exceed 5 years, and the total accumulated charging period shall not exceed 20 years. The sum of the cumulative charging periods of the central and western provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government determined by the state for repayment of highways shall not exceed 25 years at the longest.
　　The transfer of the right to charge for operating roads shall not extend the charging period, and the total accumulated charging period shall not exceed 25 years. The sum of the cumulative toll collection periods of operating highways in central and western provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government determined by the state shall not exceed 30 years at the longest.
　　It is not allowed to raise the vehicle toll standard on the grounds of transferring the highway toll right.

Chapter III Procedures for Transfer of Rights and Interests of Toll Roads

　　Article 14　To transfer the right of highway toll collection, before going through the examination and approval of transfer, the transferor may first apply to the examination and approval authority for the transfer project.
　　To apply for the transfer of the project, the following materials need to be submitted:
　　(a) the general situation of the highway to which the toll right has been transferred, including the construction period of the highway, the technical level and scale, the source and amount of investment, the toll collection time, and the revenue and expenditure of the toll road in the last three years;
　　(2) The reason and purpose of the transfer;
　　(three) the investment of the income from the transfer of government loan repayment roads;
　　(four) the written opinions of the interested parties agreed to the transfer as stipulated in Article 11 of these Measures;
　　(five) the transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads that have not been paid off by international financial organizations or foreign governments, and the written consent of the original examination and approval department for the use of foreign loans;
　　(six) the provincial people’s government approved the collection of vehicle tolls;
　　(7) The accounting report of the previous year audited by an auditing organ or a qualified accounting firm;
　　(eight) the transfer of highway toll right for the first time, provide the final financial statements and completion audit report of the toll road;
　　(nine) the transfer of operating highway toll rights, provide the articles of association;
　　(ten) to transfer the right of highway toll collection again, and provide the original transfer agreement;
　　(eleven) other documents that the examination and approval authority deems necessary.
　　Article 15　After receiving the application for transfer of the project, the examination and approval authority shall conduct a preliminary examination on whether the charging right applied for transfer meets the transfer conditions, and issue a review opinion on the transfer of the project.
　　The review opinions of the transfer project can be used as the basis for the transferor to prove that the proposed highway toll right meets the transfer conditions when making preparatory work for the transfer.
　　The review opinions on the transfer project are valid for one year from the date of issuance.
　　Article 16　To transfer the toll right of the following toll roads, the transferor shall entrust a qualified asset appraisal institution to evaluate the value of the toll right:
　　(a) the government owing on the loan highway;
　　(2) Operating highways with financial capital investment;
　　(three) the use of state-owned capital investment roads.
　　The appraisal report issued by the asset appraisal institution is the basis for determining the lowest transaction price for the transfer of the toll right of the toll road specified in the preceding paragraph.
　　The transferor’s asset appraisal report issued by the asset appraisal institution shall be submitted to the relevant departments for approval or filing in accordance with the relevant state provisions on asset appraisal.
　　Article 17　Where the transferor evaluates the value of the charging right in accordance with the provisions of Article 16, it shall entrust an asset appraisal institution that meets the following conditions:
　　(1) Having the asset appraisal qualification as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations;
　　(2) The personnel of the appraisal institution have professional knowledge and experience suitable for the evaluation of the value of highway toll right;
　　(3) The appraisal institutions and personnel have not committed any violation in the past three years, and have no bad record of violation.
　　Article 18　When transferring the rights and interests of toll roads, the valuation method should adopt the present value method of income, and the income period involved should be agreed by the transferor and the asset appraisal institution within the approved charging period.
　　Article 19　The transfer of the rights and interests of the government’s repayment of highway tolls and the rights and interests of operating highway tolls with financial capital investment shall be conducted by public bidding, and the transferee shall be selected fairly, justly and openly.
　　Article 20　The bidding activities for the transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads shall strictly implement the relevant provisions such as the Bidding Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).
　　The transportation department of the provincial people’s government is responsible for the supervision and management of the whole process of bidding for the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads. The development and reform department and the competent financial department of the provincial people’s government shall be responsible for the supervision of bidding activities according to their respective responsibilities.
　　Article 21　Where the rights and interests of toll roads are transferred by tender, the transferor shall issue a tender announcement through newspapers, information networks or other media designated by the state. The announcement period shall not be less than 20 days.
　　Article 22　Where the rights and interests of government repayment roads are transferred and the rights and interests of operating roads with financial capital investment and state-owned capital investment are used for bidding, a reserve price bidding shall be implemented. Among them, the reserve price of the transfer of the right to charge shall not be lower than the evaluation price of the value of the right to charge approved or confirmed by the relevant departments.
　　Article 23　The transferor shall prepare the tender documents according to law. The tender documents shall include the following contents:
　　(a) the basic situation of the project subject to tender, including the project construction period, opening time, technical level and scale, investment sources and investment amount, income and expenditure in recent years, etc.;
　　(two) the transferee shall have the conditions and relevant qualifications and credit requirements. When transferring the rights and interests of government repayment roads and operating roads with financial capital investment, the transferee shall be required to promise that the established highway management enterprises will not provide external guarantees, including providing any form of guarantee for the transferee’s debts and will not bear the transferee’s debts;
　　(3) The rights and obligations of the transferee;
　　(4) The payment form, term (no longer than 6 months after the contract comes into effect) and guarantee requirements of the transfer money;
　　(5) Requirements for highway maintenance, greening and soil and water conservation during the operation period;
　　(six) the procedures for dissolution and liquidation after the end of the operation, and the standards for highways and highway ancillary facilities and service facilities when the rights and interests of highways are transferred;
　　(seven) the conditions for the bankruptcy, termination and dissolution of the transfer agreement of the transferee or the highway operation enterprise established by it;
　　(eight) the conditions for the government to terminate the agreement on the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads;
　　(nine) the requirements for the preparation of bidding documents and their delivery methods, places and deadlines;
　　(ten) the place of bid opening and the time arrangement of bid opening and bid evaluation;
　　(eleven) evaluation criteria, evaluation methods, evaluation procedures, and factors to determine the waste target;
　　(twelve) the main terms of the signed transfer contract;
　　(thirteen) the employee placement plan;
　　(14) A scheme for handling creditor’s rights and debts;
　　(fifteen) other issues that need to be explained.
　　Article 24　After the transferee is determined, the transferor and the transferee shall conclude a contract for the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads according to law.
　　The transfer contract shall include the following clauses:
　　(1) Names and domiciles of the transferor and transferee;
　　(2) The name and business content of the project;
　　(3) Business scope and transfer period;
　　(four) the transfer price and the time (not more than 6 months after the contract comes into effect) and method of payment;
　　(5) Matters related to asset delivery;
　　(6) The employee placement plan involved by the transferor;
　　(seven) the rights and obligations of the transferor;
　　(eight) the rights and obligations of the transferee;
　　(nine) highway maintenance and service quality assurance measures (including the establishment of maintenance deposit, etc.);
　　(10) Responsibility for business risks;
　　(eleven) highway maintenance responsibility;
　　(twelve) the way and time of highway handover;
　　(thirteen) the way to solve the dispute;
　　(fourteen) the parties’ liability for breach of contract;
　　(15) Conditions for the alteration and dissolution of the contract;
　　(sixteen) the ownership and transfer of highway toll right after the expiration of the transfer contract;
　　(17) Other terms deemed necessary by both parties.
　　Article 25　The contract for the transfer of highway toll rights and interests shall take effect from the date of approval of the transfer of highway toll rights.
　　Article 26　The transfer of the toll right of national highways (including national trunk lines and national expressway network projects, the same below) shall be approved by the competent department of transportation of the State Council. The transfer of other highway toll rights other than the national highway shall be approved by the provincial transportation department and reported to the provincial people’s government for approval.
　　The merger and transfer of highway advertising management right, service facility management right and highway toll right shall be approved by the examination and approval authority with the authority to examine and approve highway toll right.
　　The examination and approval of the separate transfer of the right to operate highway advertising and service facilities shall be carried out in accordance with local regulations and the rules of the provincial people’s government.
　　Article 27　To apply for the transfer of highway toll right, the transferor shall submit the application documents to the examination and approval authority, which shall include:
　　(1) Where an application for project establishment has been filed, the examination opinions on project establishment transfer shall be submitted; If an application for project establishment has not been submitted, relevant materials specified in Article 14 shall be submitted;
　　(two) the relevant materials and asset appraisal report approval or filing documents for the valuation of the charging right in accordance with the provisions in the early stage of the transfer;
　　(three) the bidding situation in the early stage of the transfer and the determination of the transferee;
　　(4) A copy of the transferee’s accounting report for the previous year and the transferee’s legal person business license issued by the auditing department or accounting firm;
　　(five) the relevant procedures and written consent in accordance with the provisions of article tenth;
　　(six) the specific investment of the transfer income;
　　(seven) the management of highway toll rights and interests;
　　(eight) the transfer contract of highway toll rights signed by the transferor and the transferee;
　　(nine) other documents that the examination and approval authority deems necessary.
　　Article 28　The examination and approval authority shall, in accordance with the requirements of the Administrative Licensing Law and relevant regulations, handle the examination and approval of the transfer of highway toll right.
　　When examining the application for the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads, the examination and approval authorities shall comprehensively consider the factors that safeguard national interests and social public interests.
　　If it agrees to transfer the right of highway toll collection, the examination and approval authority shall issue an approval document for the transfer of highway toll collection right.
　　Article 29　If the people’s government at the provincial level approves the transfer of highway toll right, the transferor shall, within 30 days from the date of approval, report the examination opinions of the provincial transportation authorities, the approval documents of the provincial people’s government and the transfer contract to the the State Council transportation authorities for the record.
　　Article 30　The State Council transportation authorities shall, within 30 days from the date of approval of the transfer of highway toll right, send a copy of the approval document to the competent department of development and reform of the State Council and the competent department of finance.
　　Article 31　The transferor shall be responsible for the authenticity and legality of the application materials submitted.

Chapter IV Management of the Use of Transfer Income

　　Article 32　The income from the transfer of the government’s rights and interests in repaying loans on highways shall be used for highway construction except for repayment of highway construction loans and paid fund-raising. No unit may use the income from the transfer of the rights and interests of the government’s repayment of loans for projects other than highway construction.
　　The part of the income obtained from the transfer of the rights and interests of operating highways with financial capital investment corresponding to the share of financial capital investment is mainly used for highway construction except for repayment of highway construction loans.
　　Article 33　The income from the transfer of all the rights and interests of operating roads invested by social funds shall be determined by the investors themselves.
　　The relevant state departments should encourage investors to continue to invest this part of their income in highway construction projects.
　　Article 34　The income obtained from the transfer of the rights and interests of government repayment roads and the rights and interests of operating roads with financial capital investment shall be included in the budget management. The transferor shall, within 3 working days after obtaining the above-mentioned transfer income, turn it over to the finance according to the prescribed budget levels. The implementation of non tax revenue collection management system reform, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the reform. The competent financial department shall incorporate the transfer income into the fiscal revenue and expenditure budget of the current year, and the funds shall be allocated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the fiscal treasury management system.

Chapter V Follow-up Management and Recovery of Rights and Interests Transfer of Toll Roads

　　Article 35　The transferee has the rights and interests of highway toll collection within the transfer period according to law, and the ownership of the highway and highway ancillary facilities transferred with the rights and interests of toll roads is still owned by the state.
　　Article 36　Upon the expiration of the transfer period stipulated in the toll road rights transfer contract, the roads, highway ancillary facilities and service facilities that transfer the toll road rights should be in good technical condition, recovered by the state free of charge, and managed by the transportation authorities.
　　If the transfer period of the rights and interests of the toll road is not full, and the state recovers the transferred rights and interests of the toll road in advance due to social and public interests, the competent transportation department that receives the rights and interests of the toll road shall compensate the transferee according to law. The maximum compensation is calculated and determined according to the proportion of the original transfer price and the period of early recovery to the original approved transfer period.
　　Article 37　After the transfer of the rights and interests of the toll road, the responsibilities of the road administration shall still be exercised by the agencies and personnel of the transportation departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level or the highway management agencies.
　　Article 38　After the transferee obtains the rights and interests of the toll road in accordance with the law, the legally established highway management enterprise shall, in accordance with the standards and specifications stipulated by the state, do a good job in highway maintenance management, greening and soil and water conservation within the scope of highway land use, and carry out daily inspection, testing and maintenance of the toll road and facilities along it to ensure that the toll road is in a good technical state.
　　Highway management enterprises shall, according to the requirements of the competent department of transportation, provide regular inspection reports on highway technical conditions.
　　Article 39　Highway management enterprises shall accept the industry management of the transportation departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, implement network charging as required, and abide by other unified requirements of the road network, and provide statistical data and relevant business conditions in a timely manner.
　　Article 40　After the transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads, the competent transportation departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall supervise and inspect the toll management and maintenance of the toll roads.
　　Six months before the expiration of the transfer period stipulated in the contract for the transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads, the competent transportation departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall identify and accept the toll roads that have transferred their rights and interests. After identification and acceptance, if the highway meets the technical grade and standard approved at the time of transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads, the highway management enterprise may, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, go through the formalities of highway transfer to the competent transportation department at the expiration of the transfer period; Do not meet the technical level and standards approved when transferring the rights and interests of toll roads, highway management enterprises shall carry out maintenance within the time limit determined by the competent department of transportation, and only after meeting the requirements can they go through the formalities of highway handover in accordance with the regulations. If the transfer period fails to meet the requirements, the competent transportation department shall take back the right of highway toll collection, go through the formalities of highway handover, and designate other units to carry out maintenance, and the maintenance costs shall be borne by the original highway operation enterprises.

Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Article 41　In violation of the provisions of these measures, unauthorized approval of the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads shall be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Article 47 of the Toll Regulations.
　　Article 42　In violation of the provisions of article ninth of these measures, the competent department of transportation of the State Council or the provincial competent department of transportation shall be ordered to make corrections according to their functions and powers; The responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
　　Article 43　In violation of the provisions of these measures, the transferor shall select the transferee through bidding without bidding, or the procedures and contents of bidding do not conform to the provisions of these measures, and shall be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bidding Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).
　　Article 44　In violation of the provisions of these measures, social intermediary institutions resort to deceit when auditing or evaluating the toll road rights transfer project, or the accounting report and evaluation report issued by them are seriously untrue, and according to the seriousness of the case, the relevant institutions shall punish them in accordance with the provisions of relevant national laws and regulations.
　　Article 45　In violation of the provisions of these measures, one of the following acts shall be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Article 52 of the Regulations on Charges:
　　(1) The transferor fails to pay the full amount of the income corresponding to the share of financial capital investment in the income from the transfer of the rights and interests of the government’s loan repayment highway and the income from the transfer of the rights and interests of the operating highway with financial capital investment;
　　(II) The transportation department and the financial department will not use the income corresponding to the share of financial capital investment in the income from the transfer of the rights and interests of the government’s loan repayment highway and the rights and interests of the operating highway with financial capital investment for repayment of loans or paid fund-raising and for highway construction, and will use the transfer income for other purposes.
　　Article 46　In violation of the provisions of these measures, the transferee fails to fulfill the obligations of soil and water conservation within the scope of highway maintenance, greening and highway land use, and shall be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Articles 54 and 55 of the Charge Regulations.
　　Article 47　In violation of the provisions of these measures, the examination and approval authority and its staff in any of the following circumstances shall be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Articles 72 and 74 of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Administrative Licensing Law:
　　(a) the examination and approval opinions are not issued within the time limit prescribed in these Measures;
　　(two) the application for the transfer of rights and interests of toll roads that do not meet the statutory conditions and procedures is approved, or the application is approved beyond the statutory authority;
　　(three) in the process of acceptance and examination, the transferor was not informed of all the contents that must be supplemented at one time.
　　Article 48　In the process of examining and approving the transfer of the rights and interests of toll roads, the staff of the examination and approval authorities ask for or accept other people’s property or seek other benefits, and shall be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Article 73 of the Administrative Licensing Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 49　The time limit stipulated in these Measures shall be calculated in working days, excluding legal holidays.
　　Article 50　These Measures shall come into force as of October 1, 2008. On October 9, 1996, the Ministry of Communications issued the Measures for the Administration of Paid Transfer of Highway Management Rights by Decree No.9 of the Ministry of Communications, which shall be abolished at the same time.

　　CCTV News:The indiscriminate application of tariffs by the United States has put pressure on many foreign trade enterprises. However, some enterprises began to lay out in advance several years ago and explore diversified markets. At the current Canton Fair, some traders expressed their views on this.

　　This company, which is a body fat scale, predicted the international trade situation at the end of 2024 and laid out the domestic market in advance.

　　Exhibitor Huang Wenyu said that they predicted that they would start to expand domestic market investment in 2024 and have already carried out OEM work for many well-known domestic brands. At the same time, they also began to vigorously promote domestic own brands.

　　With the help of the national fitness and fat reduction craze, the company where Huang Wenxuan works has improved the products originally exported to Europe and the United States, and with effective marketing, the domestic market sales of body fat scales have doubled several times.

　　This audio company, which has been doing business for more than 30 years, used almost all its original products for export. In 2025, under the background of indiscriminate tariffs in the United States, enterprises took the first step in domestic sales of products, and specially set up domestic sales and e-commerce departments for this purpose.

　　Exhibitor Chen Weisong said that it is an opportunity for them to accelerate the development of their own brands. Recently, it has achieved good results in live broadcast, and now it can sell dozens to 100 units a day.

　　Yu Songbin’s company mainly produces and sells TV sets and monitors. Under the situation of export obstruction, enterprises seized the opportunity of domestic major sales platforms to support export to domestic sales in 2025 and embarked on a new road of domestic sales.

　　Yu Songbin said that the sales platform has certain support for these companies, including lowering the threshold for them to enter the platform. Now that the process is simplified, they feel very confident to do the domestic market.

　　Foreign trade enterprises play a "combination boxing" layout of global commodity sales channels

　　In addition to expanding domestic demand and looking for new business opportunities, some foreign trade enterprises also play a "combination boxing" to lay out global commodity sales channels in advance and build a global product production base.

　　According to Li Zhuoxi, the buyer, the goal in 2025 is to increase different markets horizontally in addition to the US market, such as Brazil and Africa. Their task in the Canton Fair is to find out their explosions through data backtracking.

　　Li Zhuoxi is a second-generation foreign trader. He took over his father’s foreign trade career 18 years ago. Before that, all his clients came from the United States. At this Canton Fair, Li Zhuoxi specially selected more than 30 partners, and the newly purchased goods were specially sold to newly expanded emerging countries. Among them, there are eight kinds of goods exclusively for Brazil.

　　Li Zhuoxi introduced that this speaker has a strong luminous style and a gold-plated appearance, which are more in line with the style needed by the Brazilian market.

　　Along with the buyer’s vision, there are also manufacturers. In order to expand new markets, foreign trade enterprises began to design products suitable for emerging markets to make up for the lack of orders caused by the stagnation of the American market.

　　Tang Shousheng, an exhibitor, said that they made great efforts in product design and price, including pioneering efforts, and went to other places besides the United States. This product is their key development at present, with advanced functions and relatively low price. A Polish and Dutch customer will sign an exclusive agency agreement for them on the spot.

　　In addition to "going out" of products and realizing global sales, foreign trade enterprises are also actively building new factories overseas and laying out global production bases.

　　Huang Wenyu introduced that they expect to invest 10 million yuan in overseas factories, and the local suppliers of products such as plastics, SMT (surface mount) and color box packaging have been found.

　　Zhu Yonghong, an exhibitor, said that their next step is to cooperate with Turkish customers, who have their own factories. They can go to the Turkish factories through SKD (semi-assembly) and then assemble them in their factories.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 10th (Reporter Fan Xi, Qi Zhongxi, Wei Yukun) Entering the year of building a well-off society in an all-round way, China has ushered in another year of Spring Festival travel rush. In 2020, Spring Festival travel rush kicked off on the 10th, and in 40 days, China is expected to have 3 billion trips.

In 2020, Spring Festival travel rush will start on January 10th and end on February 18th. According to Lian Weiliang, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, among the 3 billion passenger trips, it is estimated that there will be 2.43 billion passenger trips by road, 440 million by railway, 79 million by civil aviation and 45 million by water.

As the largest periodic population migration in the world, Spring Festival travel rush not only carries Chinese’s expectation for family reunion in the Spring Festival, but also is a "big test" for transportation security and even social governance.

The Spring Festival in 2020 is the earliest Lunar New Year in recent 8 years. Before the festival, the student flow and the work flow are superimposed on each other, and the passenger flow is relatively concentrated. Lian Weiliang said that this year’s railway capacity increased by 7% compared with that of Spring Festival travel rush in the previous year, of which 5,275 pairs of passenger trains were arranged before the festival, and the passenger capacity increased by 7.7% year-on-year; Civil aviation is expected to guarantee 704 thousand take-off and landing flights of domestic and foreign airlines; The highway is expected to have 790,000 operating buses, providing 23.1 million seats; The waterway is estimated to have 19,000 passenger ships, providing 830,000 seats.

Faced with the pressure from Spring Festival travel rush, railway, highway and civil aviation have taken measures simultaneously to ensure that passengers can not only walk well, but also walk well and quickly.

This year, Spring Festival travel rush Daxing International Airport was put into use, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei comprehensive transportation system was further improved; The addition of more than 10 new high-speed rail lines, including Jingzhang, Cheng Gui and Chang Gan, has eased the tension of railway transportation capacity in some areas; The provincial toll stations of national expressways are basically cancelled, and the realization of electronic toll collection (ETC) will improve the highway traffic efficiency; The railway fully implements "standby ticket purchase" and promotes e-tickets in high-speed rail trunk lines and most intercity railways to make passengers have a better travel experience.

In 2020, Spring Festival travel rush will have a stronger "science and technology flavor". New technologies such as paperless travel, face-brushing, ETC, and intelligent transportation guidance have made Spring Festival travel rush more "intelligent". Lian Weiliang said that all localities will further encourage and support enterprises to innovate intelligent transportation services, monitor station traffic, road congestion and scenic spots in real time, quickly find out the concerns of passengers, and realize the refined management of Spring Festival travel rush.

??1905 movie network news In the summer of 2015, the box office in the mainland exceeded 12.4 billion, 3.2 billion more than the 9.2 billion in the same period last year, achieving a growth state for three consecutive years, but this year’s growth rate is less than 35%, far lower than the growth rate of 53.3% last year. This summer, three domestic films were very eye-catching, that is,, and, the combined box office of the three films during the summer file was close to 4.5 billion, driving the box office in July to reach 5.49 billion, setting a record high.

The record of 92 days, 12.4 billion yuan, one month, one week and one day in the summer file has been broken.

From 2011 to 2014, the box office of the summer movie market in mainland China was 4.1 billion, 4.2 billion, 6 billion and 9.2 billion respectively. Except for 2012, there was almost no growth, and it increased steadily every year thereafter. This year, from June 1 to August 31, the market took in 12.4 billion box office in 92 days, with an average of at least 130 million every day. Unfortunately, this year’s summer box office distribution is extremely uneven. The box office blew out in July, and the performance in June and August was not good enough. Therefore, the overall box office growth rate was only 34.78%, far lower than last year’s 53.3%, and even worse than 2013′ s 42.85%.

In June and August, the mainland box office was 3.35 billion and 3.58 billion respectively, while in July, it contributed 5.49 billion, accounting for 44% of the whole summer file, setting a new record for the single-month box office in mainland film history. In the third week of July, that is, the 29th week of this year, the box office in a single week reached 1.78 billion, breaking the box office record of 1.5 billion weeks set by the Spring Festival this year. On Saturday, July 18th, that week, the market swept away 435 million yuan in a single day, exceeding the record of 383 million yuan brought by the opening of paintings on April 12th. So far, the monthly, weekly and single-day box office records in the history of mainland film have been broken in this July. Moreover, from July 9, the single-day performance of the market stood at a high point of 100 million yuan, which lasted for 25 days until August 2, and the time was unprecedented.

19 films with box office exceeding 100 million in summer 2015: (Statistics as of August 31st)

19 movies have a box office of over 100 million, and the domestic big three have propped up the summer file.

In this summer’s file, a total of 19 films have grossed more than 100 million yuan, of which only 4 are imported, and 15 are domestically produced. Among the top four films in the summer box office list, except the runner-up was taken away by imported films, the champion and the third and fourth films were all made in China. These three films have always been called the "Big Three of Summer Files", and they almost propped up the whole schedule, namely monster hunt, Pancake Man and Return of the Great Sage on the Journey to the West.

"monster hunt" was not shown first, and almost everyone knew about the remake, so the investment amount was as high as 350 million. After its release on July 16th, it immediately set off a movie-watching craze, with a double harvest of word-of-mouth and box office. The first day was 172 million, the highest was 183 million, the first four days was 670 million, the fastest was 200 million, and the fastest was 300 million … … Monster hunt has set all box office records for Chinese films, and surpassed them in less than 11 days, becoming the highest-grossing Chinese film in mainland film history. Then, without any doubt, it surpassed, and became the runner-up in the box office list of mainland film history. As of the evening of August 31st, monster hunt was released for 47 days, with a cumulative box office of 2.39 billion, which is still more than 30 million short of Speed and furious 7, the highest box office in mainland film history.

Pancake Man was released one day later than monster hunt, with a box office of 140 million yuan on the first day and 430 million yuan in the first three days. So far, it still maintains the box office record of Chinese 2D movies. The film has been released for 46 days, and its box office has exceeded 1.155 billion, ranking fourth in the history of Chinese films. Although the validity period of the key has been extended to September 20, the single-day box office of the film has fallen below one million at present, and there is little room for future growth, so it is difficult to go up a storey still higher. Pancake Man originated from the online drama diors man, with an investment cost of only tens of millions. Now it has won more than 1 billion box office, which is definitely a great success for director and starring Dapeng. Moreover, Pancake Man and monster hunt complement each other, and the two films appeared almost at the same time, which led to the popularity of the film market, so that the single-day box office in the mainland reached 435 million in one fell swoop on July 18.

Among the three giants, monster hunt is a typical type of family fun, while Pancake Man is a comedy of diaosi, and its popularity has its own reasons. However, the popularity of the third film The Return of the Great Sage on a Journey to the West is beyond many people’s expectations. As a movie with a box office of only 17.8 million, there is no possibility of blowout just from the box office figures. However, with its good reputation, this drama completely subverts people’s prejudice against domestic cartoons, and the box office rose against the trend in a single day, which not only defeated two popular youth films in the same period, but also set a new one-day record for cartoons with a box office of 65.3 million yuan, and successively surpassed the series of Bears, topping the cartoon box office. Moreover, "The Return of the Great Sage of Journey to the West" can still earn 12.9 million yuan in the eighth week, which exceeds many new films, showing its stamina.

Imported film, ice and fire, two blockbusters, head-to-tail response, fierce gold absorption

Different from domestic films that shine brilliantly in this summer file, imported films are only a flash in the pan, subject to objective factors, and the overall performance is not good.

The first half of June has always been the world of imported films, and "Jurassic World" was released one after another, dominating the film market. The former won 625 million yuan, making a steady profit without losing money, while the latter started the whale swallowing mode. "Jurassic World" was released on June 10th, achieving the third consecutive title in the weekly box office list, which made the summer file warm up, and the weekly box office reached a high of 900 million. The final box office of the film was fixed at 1.422 billion, ranking fifth in the mainland film history.

After "Jurassic World", there was no imported strong film released in July, until August 23rd, when it met the mainland audience. Even though the film’s box office in North America has not exceeded 100 million US dollars, it has not affected Schwarzenegger’s influence in the mainland at all. After 9 days of release, the cumulative box office has reached 547 million, ranking seventh in the summer box office list.

Except for the three imported films mentioned above, which made money in June and August, all the other imported films can escape the fate of box office fiasco. The box office released on June 19 was the lowest, only 1.3 million; The Russian cartoon released on August 3 is also very miserable, with a box office just over 4 million; There are two films with slightly better results: and, but both of them stop at 55 million.

Youth films are no longer brilliant, and veteran directors are hard to win the favor of the market.

In fact, not every domestic film can gain market recognition in this summer file. There are still several films that are fierce in propaganda and high in popularity, but they can’t deceive the eyes of the audience after all, and they are swearing.

Two years ago, Jing M.Guo became a director for the first time, and put his famous novel on the big screen, which became a hot topic. His first song was also a great success at the box office of 488 million. However, the higher box office can’t hide the film’s defects in quality, so that the second film released a month later only got 295 million box office. On July 9th this year, the last film of Tiny Times series was released, with a box office of over 100 million on the first day, but immediately after the first weekend, it handed over the single-day box office champion. After a week of release, the single-day box office shrank by 90% rapidly, which is very rare. In the end, the box office was fixed at 488 million.

Similar to Jing M.Guo’s film, He Jiong’s directorial debut "Gardenia Blossoms" was originally expected, but the plot was too bad, and it died after a week of release, with a cumulative box office of 379 million.

Tiny Times 4: The End of the Soul and Gardenia Blossom both earned at least 300-400 million box office, but John Woo’s was even more miserable. The painting started on July 30th, and the final box office was only 52 million, and the highest number of films in 20 major cities in China was only 12%. Even though the bosses of several film companies expressed their support for the film, they failed to change the tragic fate.

　　Now, the biological engineer of John Paulson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) of Harvard University in the United States has developed the first biological hybrid model of human ventricle with beating heart cells in spiral arrangement by using a new additive textile manufacturing method (FRJS), and proved that its muscle arrangement can indeed significantly increase the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle at each contraction. The related research results were published in the July 7th issue of Science.

If you want to ask what "killer" is the most deadly, there is no doubt that "sudden death" must be on the list.

After all, it comes too suddenly, and it can kill people in an instant.

In addition, sudden death is also very "have no martial ethics", and men, women and children may become its "prey".

Some people feel very anxious when they hear "sudden death", and some people don’t take it seriously at all. Interestingly, there is the same reason behind these two types of people:

I really don’t know how to prevent it!

However, sudden death is not completely untraceable.

In the journal of chinese journal of critical care medicine, Kangkang found such a study: Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of 5,516 Cases of Sudden Autopsy Death in China.

Let this study tell us what the laws of sudden death are and how to prevent them.

Emotional excitement is the number one inducement.

These days, everyone is trying hard to be an "emotionally stable" person.

There are many benefits, for example, reducing the risk of sudden death.

In the investigation of this study, the statistical results of the causes of sudden death show that among the main causes of sudden death, the top three are emotional excitement (25.66%), fatigue (24.53%) and blood volume change (8.95%).

"Flying into a rage" may be one of the emotions most likely to induce sudden death.

We should know that when people are angry, white blood cells may increase, which in turn promotes coronary inflammation and increases the vulnerability of plaques, thus leading to cardiovascular events.

Next to emotional excitement is fatigue, which includes fatigue caused by high-intensity physical activity in a short period of time and chronic fatigue caused by lack of effective rest for a long time.

When people are physically overdrawn and too tired, their blood pressure will rise, and the oxygen consumption of the heart will increase. Not only people with basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are prone to sudden death, but young people who are otherwise healthy will also have an increased risk of sudden death due to long-term chronic fatigue.

Hypertension patients are "extremely dangerous" people.

Even if they encounter the same inducement, some people die suddenly, while others are safe and sound.

What are the differences between us?

According to the analysis of the past medical history of sudden death, we can know that among the high-risk medical history that affects sudden death, the top three are hypertension (37.95%), heart disease (30.02%) and diabetes (23.79%).

In addition, dysplasia, hyperlipidemia, tumor, infection and hyperthyroidism will also increase the risk of sudden death.

In fact, whether hypertension, diabetes or heart disease will directly increase the risk of sudden cardiac death.

Especially hypertension, if the patient’s blood pressure is not controlled, the risk of sudden cardiac death will be about 30% higher than that of healthy people.

For every 20/10mmHg increase in blood pressure, the risk of sudden death will increase by another 20%.

The risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertension and diabetes is six times higher than that in patients without diabetes.

Fortunately, it is not difficult to prevent, find and treat these diseases early.

If the indicators are controlled within the ideal range by taking drugs and improving lifestyle when diseases such as hypertension and diabetes just appear, not only the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications will be reduced, but also the risk of sudden death will be effectively controlled.

Most of the elderly are sudden cardiac death.

Among sudden death cases, the proportion of sudden cardiac death is as high as 57.76%. Among sudden cardiac deaths, coronary heart disease (55.24%) was the most common, followed by pulmonary sudden death (21.63%) and brain-derived sudden death (9.21%).

There are also significant differences in the types of causes of death in different age groups.

__

0-3 years old, pulmonary sudden death is the majority.

3-15 years old, brain-derived sudden death is mostly.

After the age of 15, sudden cardiac death became the first cause of death.

Among them, the age of 31-63 is the peak of sudden cardiac death.

In other words, it will be one of the most effective means to prevent sudden death if everyone takes good care of his heart after entering adolescence.

Especially after the age of 31, because of the high pressure of work and life, people tend to be in a sub-health state, and at the same time, they often have an "overestimation" of their health, which leads to frequent accidents.

Away from five scenes, the risk of sudden death is lower.

After understanding these laws of sudden death, I believe that everyone must have more ideas on how to protect their health and life.

However, Kangkang still advises everyone to stay away from the following five scenarios.

1. I’m full

Overeating not only easily leads to obesity and a series of health hazards, but also easily induces acute pancreatitis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

2. Too much to drink

Excessive drinking will not only easily lead to large fluctuations in blood pressure, but also increase the load on the heart, and long-term heavy drinking will also increase the risk of digestive tract diseases and tumors.

3. Hold it for a long time

If you wait for a long time before going to the toilet, it may induce a large fluctuation of blood pressure and cause some unexpected problems.

4. Sitting for a long time

In work and study, we have to get up and exercise after sitting for a long time. If it is inconvenient to move because of some special reasons (such as injury), we should also pay attention to proper massage and activity of lower limbs to prevent thrombosis.

5. Large temperature difference

Extreme climate is easy to occur in winter and summer. At this time, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is very large, which is easy to induce acute cardiovascular events. At this time, we should also pay attention to protection.

Do you remember?

Share me with friends and relatives around you!

-Produced by the editorial department of "I wish you health" of Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Publishing House-

Text/Planning: Zhu Jingjing, Gu Xinyu

Original title: "After listening to healthy people dissecting 5,000 sudden deaths, doctors found these three laws of sudden death."

Read the original text

Panel data (panel　Data) is the data collected by different observation objects in different time periods or time points, describing the changes of multiple observation objects with time. For example, the GDP of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 2010 to 2020. For panel data, if only a certain time period or time point is considered, it is cross-sectional data; If only one observation object is considered, it is time series data.

Original New World NewEra New World NewEra

Interview | Gu Yining Sun Suying Nie Yiming Wang Xiaotong Xin Na Xue Jingwen Yang Meng Zhang Wenqi

Written by | Gu Yining Ji Yuxi Nie Yiming Sun Suying Xue Jingwen

American editor | Luo Shiqi

Editor | Xue Jingwen

"Why is the food in Nanda canteen so expensive?"

On September 17th, a speech on "Nanjing University Confession Wall" aroused widespread concern among students in the school. Comparing with other universities, questioning the use of food subsidies, and criticizing the poor feedback channels … all kinds of discussions have pushed the topic of the price increase of Nantah canteen to the forefront of public opinion.

Screenshot from QQ space

However, this is only the beginning. In the following half month, the topic of "the price increase of Nantah canteen" appeared on the confession wall from time to time, and quickly spread to Zhihu and other off-campus platforms after students failed to report in "Sayuri".

Screenshot self-knowledge

In fact, the notice of the canteen price increase was issued on September 14 and officially implemented "quietly" on the morning of September 15. What are the dishes involved in this price increase? What are the reasons for the price increase? Why is there no publicity? With all kinds of questions, reporters from Xintiandi launched this investigation.

Has the price of vegetables in the canteen gone up?

Regarding "Is there any increase in the price of canteen food", the general manager of Logistics Group replied: "Except for eggs and meat buns, there is no increase in price". This is also confirmed in the answers of Director Li of the Food Center and the manager of the student’s fourth restaurant. "Only the price of eggs and meat buns has gone up, and the others have not."

"At present, what the canteen is doing is to stabilize the price," said the general manager of the logistics group. "Although the price outside has gone up, the canteen is still stabilizing the price and not letting it go up." In the filing cabinet of the dining center office, there is also a folder of "stable vegetable prices".

The folder of "Stable Vegetable Price" in the Office of the Food Center.

Director Li said that the price of self-selected dishes for dinner "has never changed". Moreover, considering the family conditions of students, the school canteen requires that low-priced dishes of 4 cents be set up. "It is required to have a dish of 4 cents, a dish of 1 yuan, and a proportion of high, middle and low grades." In the notice column of the manager’s office of the student’s fourth restaurant, you can see the documents about the sale of dishes in several price grades.

In the upper left corner of the bulletin board, there is a "Food Sales Requirements for Restaurants in the Meal Center", which clearly stipulates the standards for setting food prices.

Director Li gave a detailed account of the price increase of eggs and meat buns. The canteen received a notice at 6: 00 or 7: 00 pm on September 15th, requesting that the price of eggs and meat buns be adjusted from the breakfast service period on the next day (September 16th). Eggs are divided into three categories according to different cooking methods: the price of boiled eggs is adjusted from fifty cents to one piece, the price of tea eggs is adjusted from one piece to one piece and twenty cents, and the price of fried eggs is adjusted from one piece to one piece and five cents. And the price of 50-cent meat package is raised to one piece.

Director Li said that the boiled eggs sold in the school cafeteria have been maintained at a price of 50 cents for ten years. Originally, the food center only wanted to adjust the price of boiled eggs from 50 cents to 80 cents, but the "top leader" asked it to be "transferred to one piece at a time" and asked the food center not to issue a notice in advance in official website to inform students.

On the question of whether the price of the canteen is rising, the reporter interviewed several students who ate in the fourth and fifth dining halls of the students at random. Zhang Tongxue said that he obviously felt that eating in the canteen cost more than before, but he was not sure whether the price of the canteen really increased. "I only ordered three ordinary dishes in the fifth canteen that day, and the price was actually 17 yuan. I had never seen the number 17 before eating in the canteen, so I felt that it might be a bit expensive."

The reporter immediately asked whether the price of the canteen should also be eaten in the canteen. Zhang thought that the price "increase" of the canteen was not very outrageous, so he could accept it, and mentioned the living situation of the canteen. "It (the canteen) rose in price, and people had to live. The canteen survived very hard."

A graduate student also said in an interview that he "felt the price increase in the canteen". He recalled that when he was a freshman, he only needed seven or eight yuan to eat a meal, but now he has "doubled", and a meal may cost about 15 yuan. When asked about the comparison between the current vegetable price and the previous vegetable price, he replied, "In the past, I just thought it had gone up a little, but this semester it has gone up very far, and it costs more than ten yuan to order a few dishes casually", and mentioned that "the canteen will add meat to the vegetables and pretend it is a meat dish".

On this issue, several interviewed students also mentioned that some vegetarian dishes with shredded pork or eggs are more expensive than ordinary vegetarian dishes. One of the boys once served celery with shredded pork, which was "not much", but still sold to 4 yuan. And he didn’t notice this difference before playing, "thinking it was just a cheap vegetarian dish."

However, during the random interview, some students said they didn’t know the price increase in the canteen. In addition, some students think that "the canteen has not increased in price, and it has always been so expensive". A freshman who once studied in a university in Shanghai thinks that "the canteen is very expensive as soon as she comes to Nantah", because a bowl of Chongqing noodles she ate in the suburbs of Shanghai only costs 8 yuan, while a bowl of Chongqing noodles in the fourth student canteen costs 10 yuan.

At the same time, the reporter also compared the food prices of Nanda canteen with those of several other universities in Nanjing for reference. For example, when dining at Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the cost of choosing pure vegetarian dishes such as shredded potatoes, green vegetables, white gourd and fried fungus is 7 yuan. Among them, shredded potato is a 1.5 yuan, green vegetables are a 2.5 yuan, white gourd and fried fungus are a 2.5 yuan, and rice is a 0.5 yuan.

Nan Traditional Chinese Medicine, shredded potatoes+vegetables+wax gourd fried fungus+rice, 7 yuan.

Dining in Nanjing Normal University, including two chicken legs and a green vegetable, the total price is 8 yuan. One chicken leg (two) 5 yuan, one green vegetable, one 2.5 yuan and one rice, one 0.5 yuan.

Nan Normal University, 2 drumsticks+vegetables+rice, 8 yuan.

For a 1: 1 meal at Hohai University, the total price of shredded potatoes+cauliflower+chicken chops is 10 yuan. In the window of the mixed rice in the sixth restaurant of South University Students, vegetarian dishes are ordered by portions, and meat dishes are weighed and priced. The total price of the mixed rice with shredded potatoes, cauliflower and chicken in the sixth dining hall of Nanjing University is 12.9 yuan, and the price of mixed rice may vary greatly according to the amount of meat and vegetables.

The pricing method of food in Hohai University canteen is slightly different from that in Nanda canteen. In the canteen of Hohai University, no matter whether it is vegetarian or vegetarian, it is priced by portion. The general price of meat dishes is four or five yuan, and the general price of vegetables is one or two yuan. Rice is priced for boys and girls, 0.5 yuan for boys and 0.4 yuan for girls. Nanda’s pricing method is that meat dishes are weighed and priced, and half-meat, half-vegetarian and pure vegetarian dishes are priced by portions. The reporter made a meal containing braised pork and shredded potatoes in the fifth dining hall of Nanjing University, with a total price of 11.7 yuan. Among them, braised pork is 56 yuan/kg, which is weighed and valued, shredded potatoes is 1.5 yuan, and rice is 0.2 yuan (1 Mao/2).

The picture on the left shows Hohai University, a mixed rice with shredded potatoes, cauliflower and chicken chops, 10 yuan.

The picture on the right shows the mixed rice with shredded potatoes+cauliflower+chicken (weighed and priced) in the sixth canteen of Nanjing University, 12.9 yuan.

The price of canteen food in Hohai University

Nanjing University Student No.5 Restaurant, braised pork (weighed and priced)+shredded potatoes+rice, 11.7 yuan.

It is difficult to find exactly the same dishes for price comparison in colleges and universities in Nanjing, and the ways of setting vegetable prices in colleges and universities are also very different. However, the prices of similar dishes listed above in Nanjing universities also have certain reference value for our students to measure the pricing of dishes in Nantah canteen.

Why do students think the price has gone up?

Since the responsible persons at all levels of the Logistics Service Group have indicated that the price of the food in the dining room has not increased, why do a large number of students think that the price of the dining room has increased, whether posting online or interviewing offline?

Director Li mentioned that there may be a canteen window for profit, which violates the principle of providing dishes at different prices in a fixed proportion and reduces the supply of low-priced vegetables. "For example, we asked for four or five cheap vegetables in a window, but when we went out to check, we found only one or two." Director Li explained. In this case, the price of the dishes available for students to choose is higher, so students will naturally think that the price of the canteen has increased.

As for who is secretly adjusting this ratio, Director Li did not give a clear answer. However, according to Director Li, in every canteen, there is a deputy manager in charge of food and business. The assistant manager is responsible for the examination and approval of how many dishes to fry and how many copies to fry for each dish. Once the problem of imbalance occurs, the relevant person in charge of the food center will directly hold the general manager of the canteen accountable, and then the general manager will hold the staff at the next level accountable.

In the actual operation of the canteen, due to the influence of the course time, there will be a peak period of dining in the canteen every 12 noon and 6 pm, and a certain dish will often be sold out. If the low-priced vegetables are just sold out, and the window is not replenished in time, it may also cause students who eat at this time to feel that the price of the food is expensive.

Director Li said that all the dishes weighed on the scale at checkout, that is, meat dishes, have not changed their prices in recent years, but the prices of vegetarian dishes fluctuate according to the prices of raw materials. The reporter tried to find out the pricing of meat dishes in the previous canteen, but official website of Logistics Service Group did not publicize it, and the students interviewed had vague memories, so it was impossible to verify Director Li’s statement.

Some seasonal dishes just listed are usually more expensive. In this case, the price of vegetarian dishes made from seasonal dishes will also be high. "It is definitely impossible to sell them at 4 cents." "Who is willing to do it? I can make less money, but I won’t do anything at a loss. It’s not good to do it! " Director Li said.

In addition to the relatively fixed and long-term vegetarian dishes, the canteen will also launch some "innovative dishes". Most of these innovative dishes are meat dishes, which use the same raw materials as meat dishes with fixed prices. But the difference is that the price of innovative dishes is determined according to the market price of raw materials, so it will be higher than the price of fixed meat dishes. Selling innovative dishes at this price "can at least break even", said Director Li.

According to the regulations of the food center, the number of innovative dishes in all dishes should also be maintained at a fixed ratio. Usually, one or two kinds of innovative dishes are introduced in each canteen once a week, and these two kinds of innovative dishes will be sold together in different windows of the canteen. If the canteen deliberately raises the proportion of innovative dishes, it will also lead students to think that the price of vegetables is high.

Who will decide the canteen price and who will supervise it?

Official website of Nanjing University Logistics Service Group shows that it is a "non-independent legal person economic entity with self-financing and independent accounting", that is, an economic organization engaged in profit-making production and operation activities but without legal person status. The food center under the group is responsible for the food of about 40 thousand people in the whole school.

The canteen manager of the student’s fourth canteen said that "more than 90%" of Nanjing university canteens were contracted by catering companies, but all the canteens in Nantah were not introduced by catering companies, from construction and decoration to weekday catering, all of them were made by the catering center itself. The manager said that the school did not fully open the door for catering companies to settle in, in order to ensure food safety. "Aside from the taste, safety is definitely the safest."

Director Li of the Catering Center introduced that the canteen needs to go through the bidding process, which is handled by the bidding and purchasing office under the Logistics Service Group and the bidding office inside the Catering Center. The bidding will be re-invited every six months or one year, and the price will be adjusted every bidding to select ingredients with good quality and price.

After the epidemic, according to the requirements of the school, it was changed to the unified bidding and procurement office, and the food center could supervise the bidding, but it did not have the right to decide. In addition, the food center sends relevant personnel to the market every week to investigate the specific prices of ingredients. Although the supplier and the logistics service group agree on the price of vegetables and sign a contract, the supplier’s price of vegetables changes with the market, and the price of meals in the canteen cannot be changed at will. If the supplier’s price fluctuates too much, or the quality of ingredients is not up to standard, the food center will report to the higher authorities and put forward suggestions to adjust the supplier. In contrast, the bidding and purchasing office can also conduct reverse supervision on the price of canteen food in the food center.

The manager of the fourth student canteen mentioned that Nantah and several other universities in Nanjing, such as Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing Audit University, formed the "Jiangsu University of Higher Learning Purchasing Alliance", and the prices of purchased ingredients were lower. Director Li said that before the epidemic, several universities unified bidding, but during the epidemic, the bidding system was adjusted and Nantah no longer participated in unified bidding. The reporter went to the bidding and purchasing office for verification. The staff of the department said that Nantah has indeed started to prepare for separate bidding, but at present, the ingredients used in the canteen are still provided by the company that won the bid in the previous unified bidding.

According to the "organization" announcement of official website, the logistics service group of Nanjing University, the canteen operates according to the organizational structure of "vice president (in charge of logistics)-logistics service group-group office-dining center-canteen manager-staff". Each canteen is jointly managed by the general manager and the deputy manager. The manager is responsible for the overall management of the canteen, and the deputy manager is in charge of the food business.

The price of food raw materials is determined by the market, while the price of food is determined by the canteen manager after accounting the cost. In this process, the price of dishes is supervised by the bidding office, the upper management and the students.

However, the canteen manager does not have the power to adjust the price of food at will. If the price adjustment of individual dishes is involved, the manager needs to apply to the food center, and the food center then applies to the manager of the logistics group, and the price can be adjusted only after approval. According to Director Li, in the past few years, the canteen has been in a state of "flat profit" or "operating at a loss" because of the low price of dishes. They have applied to the logistics service group for price adjustment many times, but they have never been approved. This time, the price increase "should be agreed by the vice president in charge of logistics".

The reporter also questioned some students about the price increase of some dishes in Jinling Snack. Director Li said that he didn’t know about it, and explained to us that although Jinling Snack was managed by the canteen, its "supply form" was more like an outside restaurant. In addition, the chefs of Jinling Snack are hired from off-campus restaurants, and their salary is higher than that of ordinary chefs in the canteen, so the price of their dishes will be higher than that of the dishes served in the dining room. As for the price increase of small fry, the canteen said it would continue to strengthen supervision and respond in a timely manner.

From time to time, some students reported that there were bugs and sand in the food. Director Li said that he could only strengthen supervision, "starting from raw materials and starting from scratch", but "no one can guarantee to eliminate it fundamentally".

Why does the canteen increase in price?

Affected by this year’s epidemic, the management of Nanda canteen is not optimistic. The general manager of the logistics group said that the canteen has been operating at a loss since the epidemic and is in a state of debt. The manager of the student’s fourth restaurant said, "The canteen doesn’t make money. It can only be said that the income and expenditure are flat and there is a slight surplus. " He explained that the operating costs of the canteen include utilities and employees’ salaries, and employees have to pay five insurances and one gold. There are more than 200 employees in the canteen of Xianlin Campus. Generally speaking, there are 40 or 50 employees in a canteen, and the usual basic salary should be paid to them normally during the epidemic. When asked about the basic salary of employees, he immediately replied: "2020!" (Note: Nanjing minimum wage is 2020 yuan/month)

In order to verify the canteen manager’s statement, the reporter tried to inquire about the relevant job advertisements and salary standards on major recruitment websites, but did not find the release information. According to the aunt who cooks in the canteen, their salary is divided into two parts: fixed salary and performance. Before the epidemic, it was more than 30 yuan a day. When the window benefit is not good, it can only take more than 2,000 yuan a month. During the epidemic, the salary is 40 yuan per day. After the school started in September, the salary did not rise.

The difficulty of employment is also a big problem in the canteen. "Basically, every canteen is short of people." The manager of the fourth student canteen said, "Young people don’t want to work, and more than 50 staff members have retired." Director Li also said that the staff are nervous. "Now employees are not easy to recruit, and they all have high wages. It used to be something that three people did, but now two people have to finish it, so the pressure is also great. "

As for whether the school will give subsidies to the canteen, the answers of managers at all levels are not consistent. The general manager of the logistics group said that "the school does not give subsidies to the canteen", while director Li of the food center said, "We certainly have subsidies, and we can’t do it without subsidies. Like meat and non-staple food now, the above subsidies are basically ok. " The manager of the student’s fourth restaurant said that their employees are distributing subsidies related to the epidemic, but it is "not necessarily" whether they can get subsidies.

Food Purchasing: Has the price of raw materials gone up?

Official website of Nantah Logistics Service Group shows that in 2018, Logistics Service Group was responsible for purchasing vegetables, fresh water aquatic products, beef and mutton, condiments, miscellaneous grains, frozen chicken and duck accessories (products) and frozen conditioning products, and in 2019, rice, flour, edible oil, chilled pork and its by-products, bean products, eggs, seafood products, salt, dry goods, vermicelli and bread cakes were added on this basis. Among them, the tender announcement and bid-winning announcement of rice, flour, edible oil, chilled pork and by-products, frozen chicken and duck cut products, condiments, bean products, eggs, seafood and salt in 2019 can be found on the China government procurement website, but only the total turnover of each category and the winning bidder have not stated the unit price of ingredients. China government procurement network was founded by the Ministry of Finance and officially opened on December 31st, 2000, with the purpose of improving the openness and transparency of government procurement [1].

The announcement of winning the bid in official website of Nantah Logistics Service Group shows the unit price of raw materials such as vegetables, freshwater aquatic products, beef and mutton, chilled chicken and duck meat, miscellaneous grains and condiments. On the official website of the Food Center, the weekly market price of ingredients was also displayed. On September 23, 2020, Xintiandi reporters went to Nanda Heyuan Farmers’ Market and Xuehai Road Farmers’ Market (mainly wholesale, located in Xianlin University Town) to investigate the price of vegetables, and found that there was little difference between the market price and the advertised price of the canteen. In contrast, the price of meat and eggs in farmers’ markets is lower than that in 5 yuan, while that of vegetables is higher than that in 1 yuan or flat.

Note: The best beef price in Xuehai Road on September 23rd is 50 yuan, and the beef with bones is 25 yuan. Data gaps are unapproved prices.

In order to compare the difference between the purchase price and the market price, the latest bid (announced on August 23, 2019) was selected. Taking vegetables, chilled chicken and duck (products), beef and mutton and aquatic products as examples, the reporter compared the bid price with the market price on August 26, 2019, and found that the bid price of most ingredients was half of the market price. Among the meats, the bid price of beef and mutton ranges from 11 yuan to 23 yuan/kg, and the most expensive chilled chicken and duck meat is a catty of old hen in 30 yuan, while the most expensive aquatic product is a catty of bulk salmon in 50 yuan, and the purchase price of pork has not been announced. Among vegetables, asparagus, mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms and broad bean petals have the highest price, which is 5 yuan/kg. Among 95 kinds of vegetables, the purchasing unit price of 20 kinds of vegetables is lower than that of 1 yuan/kg.

The reporter combed the market price information released from November 24, 2018 to September 28, 2020, and found that the price of ingredients has not increased much in the past two years. According to the bid-winning price announced by the canteen, the prices of meat and miscellaneous grains remained basically unchanged in 2017-2019, and some of them declined slightly, while the prices of vegetables rose, but the magnitude was not large.

As of press time, the Logistics Service Group has not made a statement on the rising price of meat buns and eggs in official website.

Note: At the request of the parties, Director Li of Wenzhong Catering Center is a pseudonym.

reference data

1 on the China municipal government procurement network management issues notice.

http://www.ccgp.gov.cn/zcfg/mof/201311/t20131113_3591993.htm

2. Tender announcement in the first half of 2018

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/73/ef/c1215a226287/page.htm

3. Announcement of Winning Bid November 23, 2017

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/7d/cf/c1215a228815/page.htm

4. Tender announcement in the second half of 2018

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/49/4a/c1215a280906/page.htm

5. Public announcement of winning the bid August 30, 2018

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/5b/ed/c1215a285677/page.htm

6.2019-2020 Tender Announcement

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/91/98/c1215a364952/page.htm

7. Announcement on Winning the Bid of Nanjing University’s 2019-2020 School Year Food Raw Materials (Non-staple Food) Supplier Selection Project

http://www.ccgp.gov.cn/cggg/dfgg/zbgg/201909/t20190925_12992428.htm

8. Announcement of winning the bid for cold fresh pork segmentation and by-products, November 25, 2019

http://www.ccgp.gov.cn/cggg/dfgg/zbgg/201911/t20191125_13418024.htm

9. Announcement of winning the bid for bean products on November 25, 2019.

http://www.ccgp.gov.cn/cggg/dfgg/zbgg/201911/t20191125_13418024.htm

10 Announcement of Winning Bid for Dry Goods, September 24, 2019

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/81/1f/c1215a426271/page.htm

11. Announcement of Winning the Bid by Fans, September 24, 2019

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/81/1e/c1215a426270/page.htm

12. Announcement on Winning Bid of Muslim Beef and Mutton on September 24, 2019

https://hqjt.nju.edu.cn/81/20/c1215a426272/page.htm

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Original title: "Focus | Investigation on the price increase of Nanda canteen:" Except for eggs and meat bags, there is no price increase ""

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