If you want to ask what "killer" is the most deadly, there is no doubt that "sudden death" must be on the list.

After all, it comes too suddenly, and it can kill people in an instant.

In addition, sudden death is also very "have no martial ethics", and men, women and children may become its "prey".

Some people feel very anxious when they hear "sudden death", and some people don’t take it seriously at all. Interestingly, there is the same reason behind these two types of people:

I really don’t know how to prevent it!

However, sudden death is not completely untraceable.

In the journal of chinese journal of critical care medicine, Kangkang found such a study: Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of 5,516 Cases of Sudden Autopsy Death in China.

Let this study tell us what the laws of sudden death are and how to prevent them.

Emotional excitement is the number one inducement.

These days, everyone is trying hard to be an "emotionally stable" person.

There are many benefits, for example, reducing the risk of sudden death.

In the investigation of this study, the statistical results of the causes of sudden death show that among the main causes of sudden death, the top three are emotional excitement (25.66%), fatigue (24.53%) and blood volume change (8.95%).

"Flying into a rage" may be one of the emotions most likely to induce sudden death.

We should know that when people are angry, white blood cells may increase, which in turn promotes coronary inflammation and increases the vulnerability of plaques, thus leading to cardiovascular events.

Next to emotional excitement is fatigue, which includes fatigue caused by high-intensity physical activity in a short period of time and chronic fatigue caused by lack of effective rest for a long time.

When people are physically overdrawn and too tired, their blood pressure will rise, and the oxygen consumption of the heart will increase. Not only people with basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are prone to sudden death, but young people who are otherwise healthy will also have an increased risk of sudden death due to long-term chronic fatigue.

Hypertension patients are "extremely dangerous" people.

Even if they encounter the same inducement, some people die suddenly, while others are safe and sound.

What are the differences between us?

According to the analysis of the past medical history of sudden death, we can know that among the high-risk medical history that affects sudden death, the top three are hypertension (37.95%), heart disease (30.02%) and diabetes (23.79%).

In addition, dysplasia, hyperlipidemia, tumor, infection and hyperthyroidism will also increase the risk of sudden death.

In fact, whether hypertension, diabetes or heart disease will directly increase the risk of sudden cardiac death.

Especially hypertension, if the patient’s blood pressure is not controlled, the risk of sudden cardiac death will be about 30% higher than that of healthy people.

For every 20/10mmHg increase in blood pressure, the risk of sudden death will increase by another 20%.

The risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertension and diabetes is six times higher than that in patients without diabetes.

Fortunately, it is not difficult to prevent, find and treat these diseases early.

If the indicators are controlled within the ideal range by taking drugs and improving lifestyle when diseases such as hypertension and diabetes just appear, not only the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications will be reduced, but also the risk of sudden death will be effectively controlled.

Most of the elderly are sudden cardiac death.

Among sudden death cases, the proportion of sudden cardiac death is as high as 57.76%. Among sudden cardiac deaths, coronary heart disease (55.24%) was the most common, followed by pulmonary sudden death (21.63%) and brain-derived sudden death (9.21%).

There are also significant differences in the types of causes of death in different age groups.

__

0-3 years old, pulmonary sudden death is the majority.

3-15 years old, brain-derived sudden death is mostly.

After the age of 15, sudden cardiac death became the first cause of death.

Among them, the age of 31-63 is the peak of sudden cardiac death.

In other words, it will be one of the most effective means to prevent sudden death if everyone takes good care of his heart after entering adolescence.

Especially after the age of 31, because of the high pressure of work and life, people tend to be in a sub-health state, and at the same time, they often have an "overestimation" of their health, which leads to frequent accidents.

Away from five scenes, the risk of sudden death is lower.

After understanding these laws of sudden death, I believe that everyone must have more ideas on how to protect their health and life.

However, Kangkang still advises everyone to stay away from the following five scenarios.

1. I’m full

Overeating not only easily leads to obesity and a series of health hazards, but also easily induces acute pancreatitis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

2. Too much to drink

Excessive drinking will not only easily lead to large fluctuations in blood pressure, but also increase the load on the heart, and long-term heavy drinking will also increase the risk of digestive tract diseases and tumors.

3. Hold it for a long time

If you wait for a long time before going to the toilet, it may induce a large fluctuation of blood pressure and cause some unexpected problems.

4. Sitting for a long time

In work and study, we have to get up and exercise after sitting for a long time. If it is inconvenient to move because of some special reasons (such as injury), we should also pay attention to proper massage and activity of lower limbs to prevent thrombosis.

5. Large temperature difference

Extreme climate is easy to occur in winter and summer. At this time, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is very large, which is easy to induce acute cardiovascular events. At this time, we should also pay attention to protection.

Do you remember?

Share me with friends and relatives around you!

-Produced by the editorial department of "I wish you health" of Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Publishing House-

Text/Planning: Zhu Jingjing, Gu Xinyu

Original title: "After listening to healthy people dissecting 5,000 sudden deaths, doctors found these three laws of sudden death."

Read the original text

CCTV News:How far is it from ordinary to great?

Sometimes it’s like plains and mountains, thousands of miles apart; Sometimes it’s like a train track and a carriage, walking hand in hand … …

On July 1, 2019, 14 young party member came to Wuhan Puren Hospital to visit a 72-year-old party member, and listened to a special party class here.

"I just hope that you young people can remember the party’s teachings and always follow the party." In the hospital bed, Du Tianxiang, a 95-year-old party member, put forward high expectations for young people.

Fourteen party member gathered around the sickbed and looked at the old man firmly. At this time, they had already understood the spiritual world of the old man who had a broken back.

"As long as the party and the country need me, I will do it."

In 1924, Du Tianxiang was born in Yingkou, Liaoning.

Du Tianxiang, a young man, has experienced bloody battles and planted a seed for the country and the party.

In 1944, Du Tianxiang was admitted to the Shipbuilding Department of Shanghai Jiaotong University, which opened the door for his lifelong career.

In 1947, Du Tianxiang solemnly joined the Party and vowed clank: "I volunteered to join the Communist Party of China (CPC) and made the following vows: First, I will fight for the cause of communism all my life. Second, the interests of the party are above everything else. Third, observe the party’s discipline. 4. Never be afraid of difficulties and always work for the Party. 5. Be a model for the masses. Six, the secret of the Conservative Party. 7. Have confidence in the Party. Eight, perseverance will never betray the party. "

"As long as the party and the country need me, I will do it!" He practiced the original oath of joining the party with practical actions, which is also a true portrayal of his lifelong commitment to the party and the country.

"It’s good to be able to do something practical at the grassroots level, and I don’t feel bitter."

After work, Du Tianxiang was assigned to the central government in Beijing, and later to the Ministry of Communications. However, he volunteered to go to the grassroots level, and then transferred to the Ship Machinery Repair Factory of the Second Navigation Engineering Bureau of Wuhan Ministry of Communications as the production technical team leader, and retired as a technical consultant.

In 1950s and 1960s, Du Tianxiang was responsible for the installation and construction of belt conveyors at Maanshan Port Terminal in Anhui Province. "At that time, my father suffered from tuberculosis and gastric ulcer, but he still insisted on working in spite of his illness. When his stomach ached badly, he put his back against his stomach. Later, on a business trip to Beijing, I suddenly had a stomach perforation at midnight, and I had an emergency operation to remove most of my stomach. I went on a business trip to Jiujiang with semi-liquid food before I got well, and made a conclusion for their crane ship to improve its weight stress measurement. " Du Huidan, the second daughter of Du Tianxiang, said.

In 1970s, the team led by Du Tianxiang made a 60-ton floating crane with reference to foreign technology. He personally questioned every link from translating materials to production. After the successful trial, it became the most popular floating crane on the Yangtze River.

In the early 1980s, he became the chief technologist of the second phase project of Qinhuangdao Coal Terminal, which was jointly operated by China and Japan, and was in charge of the equipment manufacturing of the belt conveyor loading and unloading system. At that time, the belt conveyor equipment was the widest and fastest in China. At that time, the spring breeze of reform and opening up was blowing strongly, and Qinhuangdao Port was approved as one of the five key ports for national key construction.

What Du Tianxiang said most often at that time was, "When encountering difficulties, the more people say no, the more I have to do it. I have to dare to explore and try my best to overcome it."

Later, the project won the national silver award, which is the earliest and highest-standard national quality award in the field of engineering construction in China, which is not unrelated to Du Tianxiang’s efforts.

At one time, Du Tianxiang had the opportunity to go to Beijing Sino-Hong Kong Group and China Communications Design Institute, but he resolutely chose the ship machinery repair plant. Someone asked him why he didn’t go to a better place, and how bitter it was at the grassroots level. He replied, "It is good to do something practical at the grassroots level, and he doesn’t feel bitter."

For the sake of national construction, he went home only a handful of times. Sometimes when I come back, I also read books and study drawings at my desk without looking up. For a long time, his daughter repeatedly complained and didn’t understand: "When I was a child, it was difficult to see my father, even ‘ Dad ’ I can’t say two words. " On the day before the college entrance examination, Du Tianxiang suddenly realized: "Oh, you will take the college entrance examination tomorrow!" " Du Handan’s sad grievances just surged up, and he lost his temper with his father for this reason.

"You can’t afford medical care for one person at public expense, and the whole family will take advantage of it."

Du Tianxiang was indifferent to fame and fortune all his life, and regarded material enjoyment very lightly.

He has been living in a dilapidated tube-shaped building, the paint on the windows is mottled and peeled off, and the home is also simple and simple. Even the used medicine boxes are filled with dense words and cannot be thrown away.

It is not that he has no money, but that his money is spent in more important places. In the 1970s, the shipbuilding machinery repair factory was once so difficult that it could not pay wages. Without saying anything, he took out more than 40,000 personal savings to solve the urgent needs of the branch.

The virtues of diligence, sincerity and pragmatism of the elderly have merged into the blood and family style.

"Before retirement, my elder sister was in the Grain Bureau, my second sister was in WISCO, and I was doing general affairs in the Gansu project. All three of us have been down-to-earth on our own and have never touched our father’s light." "It’s not that my father doesn’t help us. He has his own principles and doesn’t want to cause trouble to the organization." Daughter Du Handan said.

When he retired, Du Tianxiang had almost strict demands on himself in terms of solatium and medication. Qiu Guihong still remembers sending solatium to Du Tianxiang: Du Lao is used to giving money in person, and he won’t feel anything wrong with it. He is such a rigorous person, and the figures must be accurate to the nearest cent, and he never asks for any more money from the public.

"His medical reimbursement is the least among all retired personnel in the company. Every time he signs a medical reimbursement form, he never lets his family sign it, and he will make the number accurate to two decimal places, and then get it to the labor management center to check and sign it with me. " Wang Zehong, a retired official, did not understand his behavior. He said, "this treatment is a special care given to me by the organization, but one person can’t pay for medical care at public expense, and the whole family can hijack it."

Du Tianxiang spent his whole life explaining his spiritual beliefs. (Source: China Communications Second Navigation Bureau correspondent: Tian Bencan Huang Mengting)

Practitioners say

The Spring Festival, the most weighty traditional festival, is emitting a new "flavor of the year" with the iteration of the Internet.

With the opening of CCTV Spring Festival Evening, "Li Sisi’s Mouth Red Number" and "Zhang Xiaofei’s" I don’t know the color "coat" were all posted on the hot search in the form of pictures, texts and short videos. According to the data of e-commerce platform, Zhang Xiaofei’s expensive coats have been sold out within 10 minutes.

The cooperation between the Internet platform and CCTV Spring Festival Gala began in the Spring Festival of 2014, and this year is the ninth year. In the first few years, Tencent’s WeChat and QQ, Ali’s Alipay and Taobao created the New Year custom of online red envelopes for the Spring Festival, and expanded the online payment business with the Spring Festival red envelopes as the starting point; In the following 2020-2022, Aauto Quicker, Tik Tok and VideoNo. successively won the sponsorship rights of CCTV Spring Festival Gala with huge sums of money, and fulfilled their demands of promoting life and bringing forth new ideas through new forms of entertainment such as online interaction and fun play.

The rise of live broadcast with goods has set off a transition from consuming online content to buying physical objects online. As early as this year’s New Year’s Day, platforms such as Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok took the lead in opening the New Year’s Day activities, and opened up online channels for users to spend the New Year and buy new year’s goods through activities such as brand welfare purchase, origin new year’s goods and anchor challenge. According to iResearch’s China Live E-commerce Industry Research Report in 2021, by the end of 2020, the number of live webcast users in China has reached 617 million. Among them, the number of users ordering live broadcasts reached 388 million, accounting for 66.2% of users watching live broadcasts, that is, nearly two-thirds of users made purchases after watching live broadcasts.

A person familiar with CCTV’s cooperation in the Spring Festival Evening revealed to the Beijing News Shell Finance reporter that CCTV divides the copyright of the Spring Festival Evening into several types, including live video, recorded video, short video, highlights, social communication and hosting population broadcast. The price ranges from tens of millions to hundreds of millions. People in the industry generally believe that with the development of mobile Internet, users are increasingly unable to meet the one-way communication mode of "you pass me and I receive". Even a strong IP (intellectual property) like CCTV Spring Festival Evening needs to find ways to reach young audiences more easily. The short video and live broadcast platforms such as Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and Video Number also need to sink further to gain more users, which makes their combination with the Spring Festival Evening seem logical.

Spring Festival Evening needs young people, and short videos are eager to pull new ones.

If the Spring Festival is the most important festival for Chinese people, then the CCTV Spring Festival Gala is as indispensable as the jiaozi at the banquet. However, with the development of mobile video technology, the Spring Festival Gala has gradually become a "background" under the dense barrage of live broadcast platforms, a "material library" for editing short videos by people in Weibo, and even an interactive project between Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and video users.

On January 30th, the day before the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Tiger of CCTV, Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker announced that they had reached a cooperation with the Spring Festival Gala of CCTV in 2022. Their rights and interests included live broadcast, playback, short video and interaction, and the competition was obvious.

Different from the horizontal screens in Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, earlier (January 25th), WeChat Video became the exclusive cooperation platform for CCTV to watch the Spring Festival Gala vertically. Not only did the official announcement enter the video number in the Spring Festival Evening, but the filming team also specially arranged a number of vertical screen shooting positions to ensure high-quality live broadcast from a unique perspective. Wechat also provided blessings, red envelopes, friends circle, status and other requirements for the vertical screen live broadcast of the Spring Festival Evening, and even exposed the "live broadcast" column of the "Discovery Page" to all WeChat users on the day of the Spring Festival Evening.

According to the data provided by Tencent, before the opening of CCTV Spring Festival Evening live broadcast, more than 1.95 million people had reserved live broadcast on the video number. On New Year’s Eve, more than 120 million people watched the Spring Festival Evening on the WeChat video number "Vertical Screen". The number of likes in the live broadcast of the Spring Festival Evening video number exceeded 350 million, the total number of comments exceeded 9.19 million, and the total number of reposts exceeded 5.51 million.

The cooperation between CCTV Spring Festival Evening and short video platform is more and more like a feast of copyright distribution.

The data shows that before the opening of CCTV Spring Festival Evening live broadcast in 2022, more than 1.95 million people had reserved live broadcast on the video number. On New Year’s Eve, more than 120 million people watched the Spring Festival Evening on the WeChat video number "Vertical Screen", and the number of praises in the live broadcast of the Spring Festival Evening video number exceeded 350 million times.

The short video platform that binds CCTV Spring Festival Evening also has its own considerations. According to the data, in 2021, Tik Tok, as the exclusive interactive partner of CCTV Headquarters Spring Festival Evening, had a total of 70.3 billion interactions with red envelopes that night, with a total of 1.221 billion people watching CCTV Spring Festival Evening live through Tik Tok. In 2020, Aauto Quicker "hand in hand" CCTV Spring Festival Evening, with a cumulative audience of 780 million in the live broadcast room, and the audience’s participation in the red envelope interaction in the Spring Festival Evening through Aauto Quicker exceeded 63.9 billion. Wechat, on the other hand, successfully promoted the Spring Festival red envelope through cooperation with CCTV Spring Festival Gala many years ago, and also achieved "overtaking in corners" in the field of mobile payment.

People in the industry generally believe that with the development of mobile Internet, users are increasingly unable to meet the one-way communication mode of "you pass me and I receive". Even a strong IP (intellectual property) like CCTV Spring Festival Evening needs to find ways to reach young audiences more easily. Short video and live broadcast platforms, such as Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and Video Number, also need to sink further to gain more users, which makes their combination with the Spring Festival Evening seem logical.

Both virtual entertainment and physical consumption should be grasped?

Since the launch of CCTV Spring Festival Evening, sketch programs have been deeply loved by users, and even the dress of actors has become a topic of relish. The pink coat worn by Niu Li at the Spring Festival Gala in 2010, the purple sweater worn by Jia Ling in 2015, the pink sweater worn by Zhang Xiaofei in 2020 and this year’s "I don’t know the color" coat in Zhang Xiaofei are all eye-catching. Many people took photos and went to the e-commerce platform to search for orders, and many people bought and sold the same model on the short video platform.

As early as this year’s New Year’s Day, Aauto Quicker, Tik Tok and other platforms took the lead in opening New Year’s Day activities, through brand welfare purchase, new year’s goods of origin, anchor challenge, category day and other activities. According to the Data Report of "Tik Tok Good Goods and New Year Festival" in 2022, from January 1 to January 16, the cumulative time of the e-commerce live broadcast room in Tik Tok was 31.71 million hours, and the cumulative number of viewers in the live broadcast room reached 42.4 billion. The Consumption Trend Report of 2022 Aauto Quicker Quality New Year Festival shows that Changchun and Guangzhou are the most diligent in broadcasting the New Year Festival, while users in Beijing and Shenzhen have the highest consumption of new year’s goods. Middle-aged people and women are the main consumers of new year’s goods, and many categories of authentic new year’s goods such as food and drinks, beauty and skin care, clothing and jewelry, and household appliances are selling well.

As of June 2021, the number of short video users in China has reached 888 million. With the huge scale of users and the advantages of short video and live broadcast in content display, user interaction, propagation fission and so on, Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker have continuously planted high-quality short video content, live broadcast with goods and other forms in the past two years, further affecting users’ online and offline consumption habits.

A senior e-commerce person with experience in many e-commerce platforms commented and told Shell Finance reporter: "Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker cut e-commerce cakes in the way they are best at. From the perspective of realization, games are the best, followed by e-commerce. The short video and live broadcast of traditional consumer content are very dependent on the head anchor to’ eat’. Even if the platform makes money, it will be divided into a large piece by the anchor. Therefore, it is of course good for the live broadcast and short video platform to cut the cake in the field of e-commerce. If their users settle down in the future, get through social attributes and enrich SKUs (inventory units), there is still room for imagination. "

In the eyes of many people in the industry, Tik Tok follows a centralized traffic distribution method, and its model is more like Tmall’s B2C (brand merchants to consumers). For example, it uses self-built applets to attract brand customers to settle in, and gathers network celebrities to act as "shopping guides" for its own shelf goods; Aauto Quicker is still decentralized, and its model is more like C2C (individual seller to consumer) of Taobao. Aauto Quicker compares itself to the community, and compares different forms of e-commerce to "the canteen, supermarket and even department store in the community".

In terms of infrastructure, apart from building the bottom e-commerce page (shelves or secondary pages) and accessing external partners such as Taobao and JD.COM, the layout of Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker is also slightly different. Tik Tok has opened a small store entrance for brand merchants, added the function of commodity search, and purchased a payment license. In addition, Tik Tok store must be used in live delivery, so the meaning of self-built e-commerce platform is very obvious. Aauto Quicker has built a shopping cart (yellow car) and a logistics tracking system, optimized the combination of e-commerce and short video, opened an e-business school, improved the traffic delivery rules, and regarded e-commerce as a supplement to ecology.

From local life to industrial belt, short video platform has stepped into new consumption deep water area.

The three Spring Festivals affected by the epidemic are subtly changing the habits of users to "eat, drink and be merry". In addition to live broadcast, Tik Tok and Kuaishou’s shop-visiting anchors, as creators with their own traffic and trust, are constantly attracting users to search for local life content on the platform through shop-visiting videos and live broadcast coupons, which has also brought a new wave of traffic dividends to offline businesses. At present, Starbucks, Xicha, McDonald’s and other catering brands have settled in the short video platform.

Since blowing the horn of local life in 2020, Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker have continued to exert their efforts from the dimensions of supporting policies, content construction, activity creation and channel expansion. Take Aauto Quicker as an example. According to official data, it only charges 1% service fee to settled merchants, and merchants can set their own commission. In May last year, the function of "special group purchase" was fully opened at the entrance of the same city in Aauto Quicker. A month later, Aauto Quicker launched a small program "Eat, Drink and Play in Aauto Quicker" on WeChat, selling low-priced meal coupons in a centralized way, hoping to get through the consumption link of "planting grass" combined with group purchase and "weeding".

According to the data of iResearch, the local life service market in China will be 19.5 trillion yuan in 2020, and it will grow to 35.3 trillion yuan in 2025. The entry of the short video platform has injected new vitality into the local life of this trillion-dollar track, which not only poses a certain threat to the established players in the industry, but also brings new development opportunities.

With the continuous exploration of short video platform to offline real economy, the mode of "live broadcast+industrial belt" has also developed. For a time, the live broadcast of "the first county", "the first town" and "the first city" in the industrial belt constantly emerged. According to the data released by Linyi Municipal Bureau of Commerce, in 2021, the number of registered live broadcast merchants in Linyi Aauto Quicker reached 160,000. By the end of July of the same year, there were more than 290 fans with over one million anchors. There are about 6,500 large-scale merchants, and the number of registered users ranks first in the country; The transaction volume ranks third in the country.

In addition, the short video platform is also expanding in influencing people. Aauto Quicker e-commerce data shows that among e-commerce consumers, the order volume of people over 60 years old in 2021 increased by more than 122% compared with 2020; The GMV data of people over 60 years old in 2021 increased by more than 159% compared with 2020; The consumption enthusiasm of the elderly over 70 years old exceeds that of the people over 60 years old. In addition, the order volume of middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old increased by over 96% in 2021 compared with 2020.

Why do middle-aged and elderly people also begin to prefer e-commerce live broadcast? First, the short video live broadcast lowers the threshold of information acquisition, and you can get a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of goods by watching videos; The second is that live e-commerce has actually changed the lives of middle-aged and elderly people; At the same time, after the middle-aged and elderly people have gained tangible benefits, their trust relationship with e-commerce anchors has also been strengthened, and the maintenance of word-of-mouth by merchants has also made this relationship enter a benign development.

According to the analysis, at present, short video and live broadcast platforms are not only tools to provide entertainment content for the public, but also satisfy more people’s demands for living, shopping and even making a living at the consumption level, and constantly drive the growth of the real economy. The acceptance of live e-commerce by middle-aged and elderly people further confirms that short video live broadcast platforms such as fast and shaking are becoming a useful supplement to the real economy. From the development of industrial belts to the placing of orders in live broadcast rooms, live e-commerce has gradually penetrated into all aspects of daily life, and new consumption patterns have also emerged.

Beijing News Shell Finance Reporter Bai Jinlei Editor Yue Caizhou Proofread Wang Xin

　　As of August 21, 2024, according to the latest box office data, the top ten films in the global box office in 2024 have been released. These films include:

　　?Brainstorming 2: Ranked first with a score of $1.626 billion.

　　?Deadpool and Wolverine: temporarily ranked second with a score of $1,142.6 million or $1,143 million.

　　?Daddy thief 4Although streaming media was launched overseas, it still made great progress, ranking third with a box office of $847 million.

　　?Dune 2The box office results are also considerable, but the specific figures are slightly different from different sources, with 712.4 million US dollars.

　　?Godzilla vs. king kong 2The box office was $570 million.

　　?Kung fu panda 4The box office was 547.8 million dollars.

　　?YOLOAs one of the Chinese-language films, the box office reached 498.7 million US dollars, ranking seventh in the top ten box office in the world.

　　?Pegasus 2.: Also starring Shen Teng, the box office was $478.5 million, ranking eighth in the top ten in the world.

　　?Catch the dollThe box office was $438 million, ranking ninth among the top ten box offices in the world.

　　?Jedi Men: Live and Die TogetherThe box office was $400.5 million.

　　Please note that the above rankings and specific figures may change in the future because the box office data will be constantly updated over time. In addition, there may be subtle differences in data from different sources, which may be caused by different statistical caliber or time nodes.

　　According to the real-time data of the online platform, at present, the total box office (including pre-sale) of summer movies in 2024 has exceeded 10.5 billion yuan, and "Catch the doll", "Silent killing" and "There is a canteen by the cloud" rank in the top three.

decree of the state council of the people’s republic of china　

sequence　658　number

　　The Regulations on the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), which was adopted at the 75th executive meeting of the State Council on December 31, 2014, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of March 1, 2015.

General manager Li Keqiang

January 30, 2015

　

Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law　

Chapter I General Principles

　　the first　According to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipal Government Procurement Law (hereinafter referred to as the Government Procurement Law), these Regulations are formulated.

　　the second　The fiscal funds mentioned in Article 2 of the Government Procurement Law refer to the funds included in the budget management.

　　Borrowing funds with fiscal funds as repayment sources are regarded as fiscal funds.

　　Where the procurement projects organized by state organs, institutions and organizations use both fiscal funds and non-fiscal funds, the government procurement law and these regulations shall apply to the part purchased with fiscal funds; Where financial funds and non-financial funds cannot be purchased separately, the Government Procurement Law and these Regulations shall be uniformly applied.

　　The services mentioned in Article 2 of the Government Procurement Law include services required by the government itself and public services provided by the government to the public.

　　Article　The centralized procurement catalogue includes centralized procurement projects of institutions and centralized procurement projects of departments.

　　Projects with uniform standards of technology and services and commonly used by purchasers are listed as procurement projects of centralized procurement institutions; Items that the purchaser has special requirements for the department and the system based on business needs and can be purchased in a unified way are listed as departmental centralized procurement items.

　　Article 4　The term "centralized procurement" as mentioned in the government procurement law refers to the act that the purchaser entrusts the centralized procurement agency to purchase the projects listed in the centralized procurement catalogue or conducts centralized procurement by departments; The so-called decentralized procurement refers to the behavior of the purchaser to purchase the items above the procurement limit that are not listed in the centralized procurement catalogue by himself or entrust a procurement agency to purchase on his behalf.

　　Article 5　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government or their authorized institutions may, according to the actual situation, determine the centralized procurement catalogue and procurement quota standards that are respectively applicable to the provinces, districts, cities and counties in their respective administrative regions.

　　Article 6　The financial department of the State Council shall, in accordance with the national economic and social development policies, formulate government procurement policies jointly with relevant departments of the State Council, and achieve the goals of saving energy, protecting the environment, supporting underdeveloped areas and ethnic minority areas, and promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises through measures such as formulating procurement demand standards, reserving procurement shares, preferential price evaluation, and giving priority to procurement.

　　Article 7　Government procurement projects and goods and services related to project construction, which are purchased by means of bidding, shall be governed by the Bidding Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing regulations; Procurement by other means shall be governed by the Government Procurement Law and these Regulations.

　　The project mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to construction projects, including the new construction, reconstruction and expansion of buildings and structures and their related decoration, demolition and repair; The goods related to the project construction refer to the equipment and materials that constitute an integral part of the project and are necessary to realize the basic functions of the project; The services related to the project construction refer to the services such as survey, design and supervision required for the completion of the project.

　　Government procurement projects and goods and services related to project construction shall implement the government procurement policy.

　　Article 8　Government procurement project information shall be published in the media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. If the budget amount of procurement projects reaches the standard set by the financial department of the State Council, the information of government procurement projects shall be published in the media designated by the financial department of the State Council.

　　Article 9　In government procurement activities, if the purchaser and related personnel have one of the following interests with the supplier, they should avoid it:

　　(1) Having labor relations with suppliers within 3 years before participating in procurement activities;

　　(2) Being a director or supervisor of a supplier within 3 years before participating in procurement activities;

　　(3) Being the controlling shareholder or actual controller of the supplier within 3 years before participating in procurement activities;

　　(4) Having husband and wife, lineal blood relatives, collateral blood relatives within three generations or close in-laws with the legal representative or person in charge of the supplier;

　　(five) there are other relationships with suppliers that may affect the fairness and impartiality of government procurement activities.

　　If the supplier believes that the purchaser and related personnel have an interest relationship with other suppliers, he may submit a written application for withdrawal to the purchaser or procurement agency, and explain the reasons. The purchaser or procurement agency shall promptly ask the applicant for withdrawal, and the interested applicant shall withdraw.

　　Article 10　The state implements unified standards for the construction of electronic trading platforms for government procurement, and promotes the use of information networks for electronic government procurement activities.

Chapter II Parties to Government Procurement

　　Article 11　In government procurement activities, purchasers should safeguard national interests and social public interests, be fair and honest, be honest and trustworthy, implement government procurement policies, establish internal management systems for government procurement, practise economy, and scientifically and reasonably determine procurement requirements.

　　The purchaser shall not ask or accept gifts, kickbacks or other goods and services unrelated to the procurement from the supplier.

　　Article 12　The procurement agency mentioned in the government procurement law refers to centralized procurement agencies and procurement agencies other than centralized procurement agencies.

　　The centralized procurement institution is a non-profit enterprise legal person established by the people’s government at or above the municipal level with districts according to law, and it is the executing agency for centralized procurement projects. Centralized procurement institutions shall formulate the implementation plan of centralized procurement projects according to the entrustment of the purchaser, clarify the procurement procedures, organize government procurement activities, and shall not delegate centralized procurement projects. Procurement agencies other than centralized procurement agencies are social intermediaries engaged in procurement agency business.

　　Article 13　The procurement agency shall establish a sound internal supervision and management system for government procurement, and have the evaluation conditions and facilities required for conducting government procurement business.

　　The procurement agency shall improve the professional service level of determining procurement demand, preparing bidding documents, negotiation documents and inquiry notices, drafting contract texts and optimizing procurement procedures, organize the purchaser to sign government procurement contracts with the suppliers who have won the bid or clinched the deal within the specified time according to the entrustment of the purchaser, and assist the purchaser to check and accept the procurement projects in time.

　　Article 14　Procurement agencies shall not obtain government procurement agency business by improper means, and shall not maliciously collude with purchasers and suppliers to manipulate government procurement activities.

　　The staff of a procurement agency shall not accept banquets, tours or entertainments organized by purchasers or suppliers, or accept gifts, cash, securities, etc., or reimburse the purchasers or suppliers for expenses that should be borne by individuals.

　　Article 15　The purchaser and the procurement agency shall prepare the procurement documents according to the government procurement policy, procurement budget and procurement demand.

　　The procurement demand shall meet the requirements of technology, service and safety stipulated by laws and regulations and government procurement policies. The public service projects provided by the government to the public shall solicit the opinions of the public on determining the procurement demand. Unless the detailed specifications or specific requirements cannot be determined due to technical complexity or special nature, the procurement requirements shall be complete and clear. When necessary, the opinions of relevant suppliers and experts shall be sought for determining the procurement demand.

　　Article 16　The principal-agent agreement stipulated in Article 20 of the Government Procurement Law shall specify the scope, authority and duration of agency procurement and other specific matters.

　　The purchaser and the procurement agency shall perform their respective obligations in accordance with the agency agreement, and the procurement agency shall not exceed the agency authority.

　　Article 17　Suppliers participating in government procurement activities shall meet the conditions stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 22 of the Government Procurement Law and provide the following materials:

　　(a) the business license of the legal person or other organization and other supporting documents, and the identity certificate of the natural person;

　　(two) financial status report, relevant materials to pay taxes and social security funds according to law;

　　(3) Proof that it has the necessary equipment and professional technical ability to perform the contract;

　　(four) a written statement that there is no major illegal record in the business activities within 3 years before participating in government procurement activities;

　　(5) Certification materials that meet other conditions as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations.

　　If the procurement project has special requirements, the supplier shall also provide the certification materials or explanations of the situation that meet the special requirements.

　　Article 18　The person in charge of the unit is the same person or different suppliers with direct holding and management relations, and may not participate in government procurement activities under the same contract.

　　Except for single-source procurement projects, suppliers who provide overall design, specification preparation or project management, supervision and testing services for the procurement projects shall not participate in other procurement activities of the procurement projects.

　　Article 19　The major illegal record mentioned in Item 5, Paragraph 1 of Article 22 of the Government Procurement Law refers to the administrative punishment such as the criminal punishment or the order to stop production or business, the revocation of the license or license, and a relatively large fine imposed on the supplier for illegal business.

　　Suppliers are prohibited from participating in government procurement activities within a certain period of time due to illegal business operations within three years before participating in government procurement activities. If the period expires, they can participate in government procurement activities.

　　Article 20　In any of the following circumstances, the purchaser or the procurement agency shall treat the supplier differently or discriminately under unreasonable conditions:

　　(1) Providing suppliers with different project information for the same procurement project;

　　(2) The qualifications, technology and business conditions set are not suitable for the specific characteristics and actual needs of the procurement project or have nothing to do with the performance of the contract;

　　(3) The technical and service requirements in the procurement demand point to specific suppliers and products;

　　(4) Taking the achievements and awards of a specific administrative region or a specific industry as the conditions for extra points or winning the bid or closing the transaction;

　　(five) adopt different qualification examination or evaluation standards for suppliers;

　　(6) Limiting or designating specific patents, trademarks, brands or suppliers;

　　(seven) illegally limiting the ownership form, organization form or location of suppliers;

　　(eight) to restrict or exclude potential suppliers by other unreasonable conditions.

　　Article 21　Where the purchaser or procurement agency prequalifies the supplier, the prequalification announcement shall be published in the media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. If the pre-qualification has been conducted, the supplier qualification can no longer be reviewed in the review stage. If the pre-qualified supplier’s qualification changes during the review stage, it shall notify the purchaser and the procurement agency.

　　The prequalification announcement shall include the name of the purchaser and the procurement project, the procurement demand, the qualification requirements for the supplier, and the time and place when the supplier submits the prequalification application documents. The time for submitting pre-qualification application documents shall not be less than 5 working days from the date of announcement.

　　Article 22　If suppliers with similar qualifications in the consortium undertake the same work according to the division of labor of the consortium, the qualification grade shall be determined according to the suppliers with lower qualification grade.

　　Where a consortium participates in government procurement activities, the parties to the consortium shall not participate in government procurement activities under the same contract alone or in another consortium with other suppliers.

Chapter III Methods of Government Procurement

　　Article 23　If the purchaser purchases goods or services above the standard of public bidding amount, which meets the provisions of Articles 29, 30, 31 and 32 of the Government Procurement Law, or it is necessary to implement government procurement policies and other special circumstances, with the approval of the financial department of the people’s government at or above the municipal level with districts, the procurement method other than public bidding can be adopted according to law.

　　Article 24　If the projects listed in the centralized procurement catalogue are suitable for batch centralized procurement, they shall be subject to batch centralized procurement, except for emergency small and sporadic goods projects and services and engineering projects with special requirements.

　　Article 25　If the government procurement project is not subject to tender according to law, it shall be procured by competitive negotiation or single-source procurement as stipulated in the Government Procurement Law and these Regulations.

　　Article 26　The circumstances specified in Item 3 of Article 30 of the Government Procurement Law shall be unforeseeable by the purchaser or not caused by the purchaser’s delay; The circumstances specified in the fourth paragraph refer to the failure to calculate the total price in advance due to the purchase of works of art, patents, proprietary technology or the uncertainty of the time and quantity of services in advance.

　　Article 27　The situation stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 31 of the Government Procurement Law refers to the fact that goods or services can only be purchased from a specific supplier because of the use of irreplaceable patents and proprietary technologies or the special requirements of public service projects.

　　Article 28　In a fiscal year, if the purchaser purchases goods and services of the same item or category under a budget item for many times by means other than public bidding, and the accumulated amount of funds exceeds the standard of public bidding amount, it is a way to avoid public bidding by breaking up the whole into parts, except that the project budget is adjusted or the procurement is approved by means other than public bidding.

Chapter IV Government Procurement Procedures

　　Article 29　The purchaser shall prepare the government procurement implementation plan according to the centralized procurement catalogue, the procurement quota standard and the approved departmental budget, and report it to the financial department of the people’s government at the same level for the record.

　　Article 30　The purchaser or procurement agency shall disclose the budget amount of the procurement project in the tender documents, negotiation documents and inquiry notice.

　　Article 31　The provision period of the tender documents shall not be less than 5 working days from the date when the tender documents are issued.

　　The purchaser or procurement agency may make necessary clarifications or modifications to the issued bidding documents. If the clarification or modification may affect the preparation of bidding documents, the purchaser or procurement agency shall notify all potential bidders who have obtained the bidding documents in writing at least 15 days before the deadline for bidding; If it is less than 15 days, the purchaser or procurement agency shall postpone the deadline for submission of bid documents.

　　Article 32　The purchaser or procurement agency shall prepare the tender documents in accordance with the standard text of the tender documents formulated by the finance department of the State Council.

　　The tender documents shall include the commercial conditions, procurement requirements, qualifications of bidders, bid quotation requirements, bid evaluation methods, bid evaluation standards and the text of the contract to be signed.

　　Article 33　If the tender documents require bidders to submit a bid bond, the bid bond shall not exceed 2% of the budgeted amount of the procurement project. The bid bond shall be submitted in non-cash form such as cheque, bill of exchange, promissory note or letter of guarantee issued by financial institutions and guarantee institutions. If the bidder fails to submit the bid bond in accordance with the requirements of the tender documents, the bid is invalid.

　　The purchaser or procurement agency shall return the bid bond of the unsuccessful supplier within 5 working days from the date of issuing the bid-winning notice, and the bid bond of the successful supplier within 5 working days from the date of signing the government procurement contract.

　　Where the supplier participating in the negotiation or inquiry is required to submit a deposit in competitive negotiation or inquiry procurement, the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis.

　　Article 34　The evaluation methods of government procurement bidding are divided into the lowest evaluation price method and the comprehensive evaluation method.

　　The lowest bid evaluation method refers to the bid evaluation method in which the tender documents meet all the substantive requirements of the tender documents and the supplier with the lowest bid price is the candidate for winning the bid. Comprehensive evaluation method refers to the bid evaluation method that the bidding documents meet all the substantive requirements of the bidding documents and the supplier with the highest score is the candidate for winning the bid according to the quantitative indicators of the evaluation factors.

　　The lowest bid evaluation method shall be adopted for goods and services with uniform standards such as technology and services.

　　If the comprehensive scoring method is adopted, the score setting in the evaluation criteria should correspond to the quantitative indicators of the evaluation factors.

　　The evaluation criteria not specified in the tender documents shall not be used as the basis for evaluation.

　　Article 35　If the negotiation documents can’t completely and clearly list the procurement requirements, and the suppliers need to provide the final design scheme or solution, after the negotiation, the negotiating team shall vote and recommend the design schemes or solutions of more than three suppliers according to the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority, and ask them to submit the final quotation within the specified time.

　　Article 36　The notice of inquiry shall determine the terms of the government procurement contract according to the procurement demand. In the process of inquiry, the inquiry team shall not change the terms of the government procurement contract determined in the inquiry notice.

　　Article 37　The equality of quality and service mentioned in Item 5 of Article 38 and Item 4 of Article 40 of the Government Procurement Law means that the product quality and service provided by the supplier can meet the substantive requirements specified in the procurement documents.

　　Article 38　Meet the standard of open tender amount, in line with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 31 of the Government Procurement Law, and can only purchase from a sole supplier, the purchaser shall publicize the information of the procurement project and the name of the sole supplier in the media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level, and the publicity period shall not be less than 5 working days.

　　Article 39　In addition to the provisions of the the State Council municipal finance department, the purchaser or procurement agency shall randomly select the evaluation experts from the government procurement evaluation expert database.

　　Article 40　Government procurement review experts shall abide by the review work discipline and shall not disclose the review documents, the review situation and the business secrets learned during the review.

　　The bid evaluation committee, the competitive negotiation team or the inquiry team shall report to the financial department in a timely manner if they find that the supplier has committed illegal acts such as bribery, providing false materials or colluding.

　　Government procurement review experts who are illegally interfered in the review process shall promptly report to the finance and supervision departments.

　　Article 41　The members of the bid evaluation committee, the competitive negotiation team or the inquiry team shall conduct independent evaluation in accordance with the principles of objectivity, impartiality and prudence, and according to the evaluation procedures, evaluation methods and evaluation standards stipulated in the procurement documents. If the contents of procurement documents violate the relevant mandatory provisions of the state, the bid evaluation committee, competitive negotiation team or inquiry team shall stop the evaluation and explain the situation to the purchaser or procurement agency.

　　Members of the bid evaluation committee, competitive negotiation team or inquiry team shall sign the evaluation report and bear legal responsibility for their own evaluation opinions. If there is any objection to the review report, it shall sign different opinions on the review report and explain the reasons, otherwise it shall be deemed as agreeing to the review report.

　　Article 42　The purchaser and procurement agency shall not make tendentious and misleading explanations or explanations to the evaluation experts of the bid evaluation committee, competitive negotiation team or inquiry team.

　　Article 43　The procurement agency shall send the review report to the purchaser within 2 working days from the end of the review. The purchaser shall, within 5 working days from the date of receiving the evaluation report, determine the successful bidder or the successful supplier in sequence among the successful bidder or the successful bidder recommended by the evaluation report.

　　The purchaser or procurement agency shall, within 2 working days from the date of determining the supplier who won the bid and clinched the deal, issue a notice of winning the bid and clinched the deal, and announce the result of winning the bid and clinched the deal in the media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. The tender documents, competitive negotiation documents and inquiry notice shall be announced at the same time with the result of winning the bid and clinched the deal.

　　The contents of the announcement of the bid-winning and transaction results shall include the names, addresses and contact information of the purchaser and the procurement agency, the project name and project number, the name and address of the bid-winning or transaction supplier and the bid-winning or transaction amount, the name, specifications, quantity, unit price, service requirements and the list of evaluation experts of the main bid-winning or transaction targets.

　　Article 44　Except as stipulated by the financial department of the State Council, the purchaser and the procurement agency shall not organize re-evaluation for any reason. Where a purchaser or procurement agency organizes a re-evaluation in accordance with the provisions of the financial department of the State Council, it shall report in writing to the financial department of the people’s government at the corresponding level.

　　The purchaser or procurement agency shall not change the evaluation results by testing samples or inspecting suppliers.

　　Article 45　The purchaser or procurement agency shall, in accordance with the technical, service and safety standards stipulated in the government procurement contract, organize the acceptance of the supplier’s performance and issue an acceptance letter. The acceptance letter shall include the performance of each technology, service and safety standard.

　　The public service projects provided by the government to the public shall invite the clients to participate in the acceptance and issue opinions, and the acceptance results shall be announced to the public.

　　Article 46　The procurement documents stipulated in Article 42 of the Government Procurement Law may be kept in electronic files.

Chapter V Government Procurement Contracts

　　Article 47　The financial department of the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council, formulate the standard text of government procurement contracts.

　　Article 48　If the procurement documents require the supplier who wins the bid or clinches the deal to submit the performance bond, the supplier shall submit it in non-cash form such as check, draft, promissory note or letter of guarantee issued by financial institutions and guarantee institutions. The amount of the performance bond shall not exceed 10% of the amount of the government procurement contract.

　　Article 49　If the supplier who won the bid or clinched a deal refuses to sign a contract with the purchaser, the purchaser can sort the list of candidates who won the bid or clinched a deal recommended by the evaluation report, determine the next candidate as the supplier who won the bid or clinched a deal, or restart government procurement activities.

　　Article 50　The purchaser shall, within 2 working days from the date of signing the government procurement contract, announce the government procurement contract in the media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level, except for the contents involving state secrets and commercial secrets in the government procurement contract.

　　Article 51　The purchaser shall, in accordance with the provisions of the government procurement contract, pay the procurement funds to the supplier who wins the bid or clinches the deal in time.

　　The procedures for the payment of funds for government procurement projects shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state on the management of financial funds payment.

Chapter VI Queries and Complaints

　　Article 52　The purchaser or procurement agency shall, within 3 working days, reply to the inquiries made by the supplier according to law.

　　If the inquiry or query raised by the supplier is beyond the scope authorized by the purchaser to the procurement agency, the procurement agency shall inform the supplier to raise it with the purchaser.

　　Government procurement review experts shall cooperate with the purchaser or procurement agency to answer the supplier’s inquiries and questions.

　　Article 53　The date when the supplier should know that his rights and interests are damaged as stipulated in Article 52 of the Government Procurement Law refers to:

　　(1) If the procurement documents that can be questioned are questioned, it shall be the date of receipt of the procurement documents or the date of expiration of the announcement period of the procurement documents;

　　(2) If the procurement process is questioned, it shall be the date when each procurement procedure link ends;

　　(3) If the bid-winning or transaction result is questioned, it shall be the date when the announcement period of the bid-winning or transaction result expires.

　　Article 54　If the inquiry or question may affect the result of winning the bid and closing the transaction, the purchaser shall suspend the signing of the contract, and if the contract has been signed, the performance of the contract shall be suspended.

　　Article 55　The supplier’s queries and complaints shall have clear requests and necessary supporting materials. The matters complained by the supplier shall not exceed the scope of the questioned matters.

　　Article 56　The financial department shall handle the complaints in the form of written examination, and may conduct investigation and evidence collection or organize cross-examination when necessary.

　　For the investigation and evidence collection conducted by the financial department according to law, the complainant and the parties concerned with the complaint shall truthfully reflect the situation and provide relevant materials.

　　Article 57　If the complainant fabricates facts, provides false materials or obtains proof materials by illegal means to make a complaint, the financial department shall reject it.

　　After the financial department accepts the complaint, if the complainant applies in writing to withdraw the complaint, the financial department shall terminate the complaint handling procedure.

　　Article 58　If the financial department needs inspection, testing, appraisal, expert review and the complainant’s supplementary materials when handling complaints, the time required shall not be counted in the complaint handling period.

　　The decision made by the financial department on the handling of complaints shall be announced in the media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level.

Chapter VII Supervision and Inspection

　　Article 59　The procurement standards of government procurement projects mentioned in Article 63 of the Government Procurement Law refer to the budget standards, asset allocation standards, technology and service standards on which project procurement is based.

　　Article 60　In addition to the assessment items stipulated in Article 66 of the Government Procurement Law, the assessment items of centralized procurement institutions by the financial department also include:

　　(a) the implementation of government procurement policies;

　　(two) the level of procurement documents;

　　(three) the implementation of procurement methods and procedures;

　　(four) to ask and question the reply;

　　(five) the construction and implementation of internal supervision and management system;

　　(six) other matters stipulated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level.

　　The financial department shall formulate an assessment plan, regularly assess the centralized procurement institutions, and report to the people’s government at the corresponding level if the assessment results are important.

　　Article 61　If the purchaser finds that the procurement agency has violated the law, he shall ask it to correct it. If the procurement agency refuses to make corrections, the purchaser shall report to the financial department of the people’s government at the corresponding level, and the financial department shall handle it according to law.

　　If the procurement agency finds that the purchaser’s procurement needs are treated differently or discriminately against suppliers under unreasonable conditions or other contents that do not conform to laws, regulations and government procurement policies, or finds that the purchaser has other illegal acts, it shall advise it to correct it. If the purchaser refuses to make corrections, the procurement agency shall report to the financial department of the people’s government at the same level of the purchaser, and the financial department shall handle it according to law.

　　Article 62　The financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall implement dynamic management of the expert database of government procurement evaluation, and the specific management measures shall be formulated by the financial department of the State Council.

　　The purchaser or procurement agency shall record the performance of the duties of the evaluation experts in government procurement activities and report to the financial department in a timely manner.

　　Article 63　The financial departments of the people’s governments at all levels and other relevant departments shall strengthen the supervision and management of suppliers, procurement agencies and evaluation experts who participate in government procurement activities, record their bad behaviors and incorporate them into a unified credit information platform.

　　Article 64　The financial departments of the people’s governments at all levels shall supervise and inspect the government procurement activities, and have the right to consult and copy the relevant documents and materials, and the relevant units and personnel shall cooperate with them.

　　Article 65　Audit institutions, supervisory organs and other relevant departments shall supervise the government procurement activities according to law, and shall notify the financial department in a timely manner if they find that the procurement parties have violated the law.

Chapter VIII Legal Liability

　　Article 66　The fine stipulated in Article 71 of the Government Procurement Law is less than 100,000 yuan.

　　The fine stipulated in Article 72 of the Government Procurement Law is between 50,000 yuan and 250,000 yuan.

　　Article 67　If the purchaser has any of the following circumstances, the financial department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit, give a warning, and punish the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel according to law, and notify them:

　　(a) failing to prepare the implementation plan of government procurement in accordance with the provisions or failing to report the implementation plan of government procurement to the financial department of the people’s government at the corresponding level for the record;

　　(two) to break up the projects that should be subject to public bidding or to avoid public bidding in any other way;

　　(3) Failing to determine the successful bidder or the successful supplier among the successful bidder or the successful bidder recommended by the bid evaluation committee, the competitive negotiation team or the inquiry team;

　　(four) did not sign the government procurement contract in accordance with the matters specified in the procurement documents;

　　(five) the purchase amount of goods, projects or services that are the same as the subject matter of the contract in the performance of the government procurement contract exceeds 10% of the original contract purchase amount;

　　(six) to change, suspend or terminate the government procurement contract without authorization;

　　(seven) failing to announce the government procurement contract in accordance with the provisions;

　　(eight) failing to submit a copy of the government procurement contract to the financial department of the people’s government at the same level and the relevant departments for the record in accordance with the prescribed time.

　　Article 68　If a purchaser or a procurement agency is under any of the following circumstances, it shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Articles 71 and 78 of the Government Procurement Law:

　　(a) not in accordance with the provisions of the government procurement law and these regulations to implement the procurement;

　　(two) the government procurement project information is not released in the designated media according to law;

　　(3) Failing to implement government procurement policies in accordance with regulations;

　　(four) in violation of the provisions of article fifteenth of these regulations, it is impossible to organize the acceptance of the supplier’s performance or the state property suffers losses;

　　(five) failing to extract experts from the expert database of government procurement evaluation according to law;

　　(six) illegal intervention in procurement evaluation activities;

　　(seven) when the comprehensive scoring method is adopted, the score setting in the evaluation standard does not correspond to the quantitative index of the evaluation factors;

　　(8) Failing to deal with the supplier’s inquiries and queries within the time limit;

　　(nine) to change the evaluation results by testing samples and inspecting suppliers;

　　(10) Failing to organize the acceptance of suppliers’ performance in accordance with regulations.

　　Article 69　Under any of the following circumstances, the centralized procurement institution shall be ordered by the financial department to make corrections within a time limit and given a warning. If there are illegal gains, the illegal gains shall be confiscated, and the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law and informed:

　　(a) the internal supervision and management system is not perfect, and the posts and personnel that should be separated according to law are not separated or separated;

　　(2) Entrusting centralized procurement projects to other procurement agencies for procurement;

　　(3) engaging in profit-making activities.

　　Article 70　If the purchaser has an interest with the supplier and fails to avoid it according to law, the financial department shall give him a warning and impose a fine of more than 2,000 yuan and less than 20,000 yuan.

　　Article 71　One of the illegal acts stipulated in Articles 71 and 72 of the Government Procurement Law, which affects or may affect the bid winning and transaction results, shall be handled in accordance with the following provisions:

　　(1) If the supplier who won the bid or clinched the deal has not been determined, the government procurement activities shall be terminated and resumed.

　　(2) If the supplier who has won the bid or clinched a deal has not yet signed a government procurement contract, the result of winning the bid or clinched a deal is invalid, and the supplier who won the bid or clinched a deal shall be determined separately from the qualified candidates; If there are no qualified candidates for winning the bid or closing the transaction, the government procurement activities will be re-launched.

　　(three) the government procurement contract has been signed but not yet fulfilled, the contract is cancelled, and the successful bidder or the successful bidder is determined from the qualified candidates; If there are no qualified candidates for winning the bid or closing the transaction, the government procurement activities will be re-launched.

　　(four) the government procurement contract has been performed, causing losses to the purchaser and supplier, and the responsible person shall be liable for compensation.

　　If the parties involved in government procurement have other acts that violate the government procurement law or the provisions of these regulations, and the results of winning the bid or closing the transaction are still or may be affected after correction, or they are deemed as winning the bid or closing the transaction invalid according to law, they shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　　Article 72　In any of the following circumstances, the supplier shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 77 of the Government Procurement Law:

　　(1) Bribing bribes or providing other illegitimate interests to members of the bid evaluation committee, competitive negotiation team or inquiry team;

　　(two) refusing to sign a government procurement contract with the purchaser without justifiable reasons after winning the bid or closing the transaction;

　　(three) did not sign the government procurement contract in accordance with the matters specified in the procurement documents;

　　(4) Subcontracting government procurement contracts;

　　(5) Providing fake and inferior products;

　　(six) to change, suspend or terminate the government procurement contract without authorization.

　　If the supplier has the circumstances specified in the first paragraph of the preceding paragraph, the bid winning and transaction is invalid. If the qualification changes in the evaluation stage, and the supplier fails to notify the purchaser and the procurement agency in accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of these regulations, a fine of 5‰ of the purchase amount will be imposed, which will be included in the list of bad behavior records, and the bid and transaction will be invalid.

　　Article 73　Suppliers who fabricate facts, provide false materials or obtain certification materials by illegal means to make complaints shall be included in the list of bad behavior records by the financial department and prohibited from participating in government procurement activities within one to three years.

　　Article 74　Under any of the following circumstances, it is malicious collusion, and the supplier shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 77 of the Government Procurement Law, and the purchaser, procurement agency and their staff shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 72 of the Government Procurement Law:

　　(a) the supplier directly or indirectly obtains the relevant information of other suppliers from the purchaser or the procurement agency and modifies their bidding documents or response documents;

　　(2) The supplier replaces or modifies the bidding documents or response documents according to the instructions of the purchaser or procurement agency;

　　(3) The substantive contents of bidding documents or response documents such as negotiated quotations and technical schemes among suppliers;

　　(four) suppliers belonging to the same group, association, chamber of commerce and other organizations participate in government procurement activities in accordance with the requirements of the organization;

　　(five) the suppliers agreed in advance that a specific supplier would win the bid and clinch the deal;

　　(six) it is agreed between suppliers that some suppliers will give up participating in government procurement activities or giving up winning the bid and closing the deal;

　　(seven) other collusion between suppliers and purchasers or procurement agencies, and between suppliers, in order to seek a specific supplier to win the bid, clinch a deal or exclude other suppliers.

　　Article 75　Government procurement review experts who fail to conduct independent review or disclose the review documents and review situation in accordance with the review procedures, methods and standards stipulated in the procurement documents shall be given a warning by the financial department and fined between 2,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan; Those who affect the bid-winning and transaction results will be fined between 20,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and will be prohibited from participating in government procurement evaluation activities.

　　If there is an interest relationship between government procurement evaluation experts and suppliers, they will be fined between 20,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and they will be prohibited from participating in government procurement evaluation activities.

　　Government procurement review experts who accept bribes from purchasers, procurement agencies and suppliers or obtain other illegitimate interests, which constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law; If it does not constitute a crime, it shall be fined between 20,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and it shall be prohibited from participating in government procurement evaluation activities.

　　Government procurement review experts have the above-mentioned illegal acts, their review opinions are invalid, and they may not obtain review fees; Illegal income, confiscate the illegal income; If losses are caused to others, they shall bear civil liability according to law.

　　Article 76　If a party to government procurement violates the provisions of the Government Procurement Law and these Regulations and causes losses to others, he shall bear civil liability according to law.

　　Article 77　If the financial department violates the provisions of the government procurement law and this Ordinance in performing the duties of government procurement supervision and management, abuses his power, neglects his duty or engages in malpractices for personal gain, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law; If the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel constitute a crime, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 78　The people’s government at the county level, which implements the direct management of the province in financial management, may, according to the needs and with the approval of the provincial people’s government, exercise the functions and powers of the municipal people’s government with districts as stipulated in the government procurement law and these regulations to approve the change of procurement methods.

　　Article 79　These Regulations shall come into force as of March 1, 2015.

Sanya Municipal People’s Government Office
On the issuance of "Sanya new energy vehicle power exchange mode"
Notice on the application of the pilot construction scheme
No.166 [2022] of Sanfuban

District People’s Government, Yucai Ecological Zone Management Committee and relevant municipal units:

"Sanya New Energy Vehicle Switching Mode Application Pilot Construction Scheme" has been approved by the municipal government and is hereby printed and distributed to you, please earnestly organize its implementation.

Sanya Municipal People’s Government Office

October 25, 2022

(This piece is made public voluntarily)

Construction Scheme of New Energy Vehicle Switching Mode in Sanya City

In May, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Energy Administration jointly issued a document to organize and carry out the pilot work of the application of power exchange mode. Sanya, as a Class I area for the development of new energy vehicles in Hainan Province, was finally shortlisted as a pilot city and became the only non-provincial capital city in China’s comprehensive pilot cities. In order to efficiently promote the construction of the pilot city of power exchange in Sanya, this construction scheme is formulated in accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Starting the Pilot Work of the Application of the Power Exchange Mode for New Energy Vehicles and the Implementation Plan for the Pilot Application of the Power Exchange Mode for New Energy Vehicles in Hainan Province (2021-2022), combined with the actual situation in Sanya.

I. Guiding ideology

Thoroughly implement the "4 13" important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the spirit of the No.12 Document of the Central Committee, conscientiously implement the requirements of the Development Plan for New Energy Automobile Industry (2021-2035) and the Development Plan for Clean Energy Vehicles in Hainan Province, and adhere to the principle of "market leading, government guiding and social operation first" during the pilot period (January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023). Combined with the advantages of Sanya’s tourism resources, explore and practice the application scenarios of various types of electric vehicles, and build a national demonstration application scenario model project for new energy vehicles; Based on the promotion goal of electric vehicles, rationally plan the layout of power stations in the whole city, and construct the spatial layout of station piles with "complementary charging and replacement and coordinated development"; By perfecting market supervision, strengthening technological innovation, introducing high-quality resources, exploring mode innovation, strengthening policy guarantee and other ways, we can realize the gathering of various industrial factors and continuously optimize the development ecology of the power exchange industry in our city.

Second, the basic principles

Adhere to government guidance, market-led, social operation field first, and radiation drives the private sector. Give play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, highlight the dominant position of enterprises, innovate the mechanism of market allocation of resources, encourage resource aggregation, give play to the guiding role of the government, and provide good environmental protection, resource protection and policy protection for industrial development.

Adhere to the reality of urban development and integrate with urban green development. Overall consideration should be given to the promotion target of electric vehicles and the number of electric power stations in the pilot period, so as to ensure that the promotion target of electric vehicles matches the annual promotion target of new energy vehicles, the construction target of electric power stations matches the promotion target of electric vehicles, and the pilot work of electric vehicles is integrated into the construction of Sanya National Ecological Civilization Experimental Zone and urban green development planning system, which has become an important support for the promotion and application of clean energy vehicles.

Adhere to the combination of the status quo and the future, both down-to-earth and moderately ahead. Based on the promotion status of power exchange mode in Sanya, we will continue to give full play to our advantages, make up our shortcomings, and conform to the trend of new energy vehicles. Coordinate the functions of various departments, clarify the key tasks of the construction of pilot cities for power exchange, lay out the downstream industrial application of power exchange mode with a moderately advanced thinking, and cultivate new formats for industrial development.

Adhere to the combination of overall promotion and key breakthroughs, and clarify the focus of work. Formulate the overall work promotion plan and annual promotion target during the pilot period of power exchange, adhere to the combination of overall promotion and key breakthroughs, and highlight the work tasks in key areas such as the promotion target of power exchange vehicles and scene application, the planning and management of power exchange stations, and the ecological construction of power exchange applications, so as to ensure responsibility and steady progress.

Third, the main objectives

1. Carry out demonstration application of power exchange. Taking the field of social operation as a breakthrough, focusing on the application scenarios such as "official business, cruise, online contract, leasing and logistics", a model project for the promotion of electric vehicles in Sanya was built. During the pilot period, 4,500 electric vehicles were promoted, including 3,500 in the field of social operation and 1,000 in the private sector. After the pilot period, the scale advantage of electric vehicles in the social operation field has gradually become prominent, and the awareness of electric vehicles in the private sector has been greatly improved, which has the basic conditions for scale promotion.

2. Improve infrastructure construction. During the pilot period, 25 power stations were built, including 10 in 2022 and 15 in 2023. Build a charging and replacing service network system that is compatible with the city’s transportation capacity, and the charging and replacing service capacity has reached the national leading level.

3. Optimize the industrial ecology. Actively introduce relevant entities in the power exchange industry chain, improve the management rules and regulations on second-hand car trading, second-hand battery trading, battery cascade utilization, battery energy storage engineering, etc., stimulate market vitality, and promote the formation of a new industrial development pattern of mutual integration, symbiosis and win-win cooperation.

4. Strengthen the research and development of power exchange technology. Actively lay out the downstream application technology system of the power exchange industry, encourage government and enterprise research to carry out joint research on power exchange technology, and find a power exchange method suitable for new energy vehicles in Hainan’s high heat and high humidity environment by popularizing and verifying different power exchange technology routes, so as to lay a solid foundation for the promotion of the next phase of global power exchange mode.

5. Improve the standard system. Actively cooperate with provincial departments, accelerate the practical application of standards in the construction of power exchange vehicles, power exchange equipment and power exchange stations, and encourage local and group standards to try first.

6. Strengthen monitoring and management. Study and formulate solutions for platform linkage between provinces and cities, strengthen the safety supervision of vehicles and power stations under the power exchange mode, and further improve the intelligent and convenient level of "charging and replacing one network" in the city.

7. Strengthen policy support. Strengthen the convergence of provincial and municipal policies, explore the incentive forms of complementary fiscal and taxation policies and non-fiscal policies, and strengthen the support of power exchange policies.

Fourth, the task

(1) Accelerate the popularization and application of electric vehicles in various fields.

During the pilot period, combined with the operating characteristics of different types of vehicles in Sanya, the promotion modes and paths of various types of vehicles suitable for power exchange in Sanya were defined by means of "scale promotion, characteristic application, demonstration operation and driving radiation", and advanced experience in power exchange promotion was summarized.

1. The field of official vehicles. During the pilot period, in addition to special-purpose vehicles, the proportion of new energy-changing vehicles added and replaced by party and government organs at all levels and state-owned enterprises and institutions in the city shall not be less than 30% of the annual replacement ratio. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Sanya Trading Group; Completion date: December 31, 2023)

2. Cruise the taxi field. Give full play to the advantages of the mass promotion of the "project system" of the battery-changing cruise taxis, and form a scale demonstration effect. The proportion of newly added and replaced battery-changing cruise taxis during the pilot period is not less than 80% of the total annual replacement ratio. (Responsible units: Municipal Transportation Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology; Completion date: December 31, 2023)

3. The field of network car and rental car. Accelerate the compliance process of the network car and rental car, and the annual promotion ratio of the newly added and replaced power exchange version of the network car is not less than 20% of the annual promotion ratio of the new energy network car; The promotion ratio of newly added and replaced power-changing rental cars is not less than 50% of the annual promotion ratio of new energy rental cars. (Responsible units: Municipal Transportation Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology; Completion date: December 31, 2023)

4. The field of logistics vehicles. Encourage the city’s newly added and replaced light logistics vehicles and medium and heavy trucks to give priority to the use of power-changing models. During the pilot period, a total of 200 promotion targets will be set, and several characteristic demonstration projects will be launched to create a city-wide power-changing model to promote diversified development ecology. (Responsible units: Traffic Police Detachment of Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Transportation Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology, District People’s Governments, Yucai Ecological Zone Management Committee; Completion date: December 31, 2023)

5. Private consumption. Through joint dealers to hold promotion activities, organize centralized sales training for electric vehicles, and actively display electric vehicles at large-scale auto shows, the recognition of private consumers for electric vehicles will be continuously improved, and the goal of promoting 1,000 vehicles in the private sector will be realized during the pilot period. (Responsible units: Municipal Transportation Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Traffic Police Detachment of Municipal Public Security Bureau; Completion date: December 31, 2023)

(2) Strengthen the construction guarantee of power exchange stations.

Fully consider the layout of main traffic lines, transportation hubs and well-known tourist attractions, and plan the construction of power exchange stations in the city; By strengthening the policy support of power exchange station, giving the policy support of land use for power exchange station, simplifying the project approval process, clarifying the construction standards of power exchange station, and attracting high-quality social capital to participate in the construction and operation of power exchange station, the construction goal of power exchange station can be achieved with high quality.

1 combined with the city’s tourism resources, planning for power station construction star line. Based on the main functional areas, tourist attractions and main road traffic system of Sanya, fully consider the characteristics of population density, economic density and traffic density in Sanya, coordinate the distribution of tourism resources in the city and the development of traffic capacity in the next 3-5 years, rationally carry out the site selection planning of power exchange station construction, strive to complete the construction goal of 25 power exchange stations in the two-year pilot period, and plan a star route with the integration of tourism landscape and power exchange characteristics. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Municipal Transportation Bureau, Municipal Tourism Culture, Radio, Film and Television Sports Bureau, District People’s Governments, Yucai Ecological Zone Management Committee, Yazhouwan Science and Technology City Management Bureau; Completion date: December 31, 2023)

2. Give the power station construction land protection. When compiling the land space planning and regulatory detailed planning, the land for charging and replacing power stations should be considered as a whole to ensure the land demand for the construction of various vehicle power exchange facilities with clear needs; Encourage power exchange operators and refueling stations to jointly build power exchange stations, incorporate the construction requirements of jointly built power exchange stations into the land supply conditions, and at the same time incorporate the land for power exchange stations into the scope of land for public facilities business outlets; In view of the existing stock, the difficulty of power expansion and the demand for power exchange, the land for the construction of public power exchange facilities should be scientifically planned within a reasonable range around. (Responsible units: Municipal Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, Sanya Power Supply Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, District People’s Governments, Yucai Ecological Zone Management Committee, Yazhouwan Science and Technology City Management Bureau)

3. Simplify the reporting process of power station change projects. For the centralized charging and replacing power station construction project with independent land occupation, the power replacing facility construction enterprise shall apply to the municipal competent department where the project is located for filing procedures, and the procedures shall be implemented in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Filing of Enterprises’ Investment and Construction Projects in Hainan Province, and relevant land use procedures, construction project planning permits and construction permits shall be handled; Power station facilities, such as canopy, water tank, toilet and drinking water area, shall be submitted for approval together with the power station construction. For the construction projects of power exchange facilities that need to be put on record, the construction and operation enterprises of power exchange facilities shall apply for project filing by signing a cooperation agreement with the owners or enterprises providing property services. (Responsible units: District People’s Governments, Yucai Ecological Zone Management Committee, Yazhouwan Science and Technology City Administration, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, Municipal Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Sanya Power Supply Bureau; Completion date: December 31, 2022)

4. Do a good job in power station acceptance. With reference to the national and provincial acceptance standards for power exchange infrastructure construction, the acceptance requirements for important systems such as power exchange station site selection, power supply system, charger for power exchange station, battery replacement system for power exchange station and monitoring system for power exchange station are clearly defined, and special acceptance is organized for new energy vehicle power exchange stations newly built, expanded or rebuilt in the city by adopting appropriate methods such as document acceptance and site acceptance. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, Municipal Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Municipal Market Supervision Administration, Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Sanya Power Supply Bureau)

5. The power supply management of power exchange station should be included in the special planning of distribution network. Incorporate the power supply of the power exchange station into the special planning of the distribution network, strengthen the construction and transformation of the supporting power grid, reasonably reserve the high-voltage and high-power power exchange support capacity, ensure that the power supply capacity meets the demand and is inclusive, and at the same time guarantee the supporting power grid construction land, corridor space and other resources for the power exchange facilities. We will intensify the coordination and promotion of engineering construction, formulate special work plans, study and introduce specific provisions for power station connection, and establish a quick and simple installation process, a system for accepting defects and a system for approving and closing within a limited time to provide convenient conditions for power access. (Responsible units: Sanya Power Supply Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, Municipal Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, and Municipal Development and Reform Commission; Completion date: December 31, 2022)

6. Encourage high-quality social capital to participate in the construction and operation of power exchange. Encourage enterprises such as complete vehicles, power exchange facilities, service operations and travel services to cooperate and promote the professional development of power exchange services; Encourage enterprises to effectively merge and reorganize and improve industrial concentration; Give priority to supporting the construction of a shared power exchange station that is compatible with multi-brands, photovoltaic energy storage and charging and replacing electricity; Establish a service quality assessment system for power exchange operation, improve the exit mechanism, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and promote the high-quality development of power exchange operation in the city. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Investment Promotion Bureau, Municipal Transportation Bureau and Municipal Market Supervision Administration)

(C) to extend the industrial chain and optimize the industrial ecology

Give full play to the power exchange mode to empower the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain of new energy vehicles, plan to introduce a "battery bank", and actively explore the application of business models such as step recycling of power batteries, market circulation after replacing electric vehicles, and vehicle-network interaction, so as to stimulate market vitality and promote the formation of a new industrial development pattern of mutual integration, symbiosis and win-win cooperation.

1. Encourage the cascade recycling of power batteries. Attract "white list" enterprises with large-scale cascade recycling capacity to set up in Sanya, and arrange a certain scale of funds as guiding funds for the development of retired power battery utilization industry, focusing on the demonstration project construction and factor support of power battery cascade recycling. To study and formulate the subsidy scheme for step recycling of power batteries, and the specific subsidy rules shall be formulated separately. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Investment Promotion Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Municipal Finance Bureau)

2. Plan to introduce "battery bank". Actively connect with the competent departments of the provincial offices, combine the actual needs of the pilot construction in our city, and jointly plan to introduce the "battery bank" by the main body of the power exchange market, and reward it according to the relevant introduction policies; Fully tap the potential of social capital, explore the necessary support for battery banks and clarify the capital structure through provincial and municipal finance, government investment funds and state-owned enterprises’ shareholding; Based on the initial investment of "battery bank" market participants, commercial banks provide a certain amount of financial credit and give preferential interest rates for exclusive loans. (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Municipal Investment Promotion Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Municipal Financial Development Bureau, Sanya Central Sub-branch of China People’s Bank, Sanya Supervision Branch of Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission)

3. Ensure the compliant use of the market circulation link after replacing the electric vehicle. In the annual inspection, second-hand car circulation, vehicle scrapping and other links, in view of the consistency inspection of electric vehicles, the battery loading of the inspected vehicles meets the requirements of the national comprehensive traceability platform for new energy vehicle monitoring and power battery recycling, and the battery serial number of the whole vehicle is not required, allowing the battery capacity of the electric vehicles to be flexibly configured during use; It is allowed to separately check the safety of the car body and battery during the annual inspection of the electric vehicle; After the replacement car is scrapped, the car body without battery is allowed to be scrapped separately. (Responsible units: Traffic Police Detachment of Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology)

4. Improve the operating environment and explore the power exchange infrastructure to participate in power grid interaction. Encourage power exchange operators and power enterprises to establish close strategic cooperation and study the interactive scheme of power exchange infrastructure participating in power grid regulation; Guide the coordinated development of power exchange infrastructure and power system, promote the participation of power exchange stations in power market transactions, and realize efficient interaction between power exchange stations and power grids. (Responsible unit: Sanya Power Supply Bureau and Municipal Development and Reform Commission; Completion date: December 31, 2023)

5. Strengthen publicity and promotion to break the cognitive limitations. Intensify media publicity, make full use of media communication, offline presentations, exhibitions, events, conferences and forums to widely publicize the technology, products and policies of electric vehicles, and gradually enhance consumer recognition. Strengthen supervision by public opinion, expose acts that harm consumers’ interests and resort to deceit, and deal with them according to relevant regulations. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Bureau of Tourism Culture, Radio, Film and Television Sports, Municipal Market Supervision Administration, and Municipal Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau)

(4) Strengthen R&D innovation and technology promotion, and improve the local standard system.

In order to improve the compatibility, safety, convenience and economy of power exchange products, the downstream application technology system of power exchange industry is actively laid out; Actively cooperate with the provincial departments, accelerate the practical application of standards such as the construction of power exchange vehicles, power exchange equipment and power exchange stations, and break down the barriers of cross-brand and cross-vehicle application of power exchange technology, so that battery packs can be truly interchanged among different car companies, different power exchange stations and different users.

1. Encourage enterprises to carry out joint research on power exchange technology. Encourage institutions of higher learning in Sanya, locally registered enterprises related to power exchange, and third-party research institutions in the industry to carry out joint research and development around the common technology of power exchange and the special technology suitable for the development of power exchange mode in our city; During the pilot period, the relevant subjects who organize the research and development of special topics on power exchange technology will be given financial support of no more than 50% of the total research and development funds of the topic. The amount of support for a single topic will not exceed 500,000 yuan, and the total annual support funds will not exceed 1 million yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology and Municipal Finance Bureau)

2. Strengthen the output of technical achievements of power exchange in Sanya. Encourage universities and local registered enterprises in Sanya to export the research results of power exchange technology. For the patent of power exchange technology authorized by China National Intellectual Property Administration during the pilot period, according to the patent application category (design application patent, authorization/utility model patent application, authorization/invention patent, authorization), a cash reward of 2000 yuan /5000 yuan /10000 yuan will be given respectively; During the pilot period, the project teams that successfully entered TheEngineeringIndex)/ ScientificCitationIndex and higher-level academic papers will be given a cash reward of 5,000 yuan/10,000 yuan (up to 10,000 yuan) respectively. The total amount of annual incentive funds shall not exceed 400,000 yuan. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology and Municipal Finance Bureau)

3. Encourage power exchange standards to be tested first, and promote the interconnection of power exchange operations. Actively cooperate with provincial departments, encourage local and group standards for power exchange to try first in our city, do a good job in the overall planning of professional and technical audit procedures for power exchange industry in Sanya from pilot to social popularization, accelerate the practical application of unified standards such as power exchange vehicles, power exchange equipment and power exchange station construction, and promote the interconnection of power exchange service networks in the city in an orderly manner. (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and Municipal Market Supervision Administration)

(V) Strengthen the monitoring and management of power exchange operation.

Co-ordinate the operation information management of electric vehicles and power stations, and promote the interconnection of government and enterprise data; Strengthen the safety supervision of power exchange mode, clarify the definition and attribution of safety responsibilities of car companies, battery manufacturers, power exchange operators and consumers, and avoid disputes caused by unclear powers and responsibilities; Implement the evaluation and assessment of the promotion of power exchange mode, and form an effective starting point for the promotion of power exchange mode.

1. Coordinate the information management of power exchange operation. Strengthen the communication between government and enterprises, and the Municipal Bureau of Science, Technology and Communication, together with relevant responsible departments, will incorporate all the operation information of the city’s new energy battery-changing vehicles and power-changing stations into the management of provincial platforms, so as to realize real-time control over the driving status of battery-changing vehicles, vehicle information, user management, safe operation of power-changing stations, total electricity consumption, price management and circulation management, and the municipal finance will provide certain operation and maintenance funds on an annual basis. (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Municipal Transportation Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Sanya Power Supply Bureau and Municipal Finance Bureau; Completion date: December 31, 2022)

2. Strengthen the safety supervision of power station operation. Clarify the main body responsible for the safety of power exchange, and implement the safety responsibilities of all parties according to the principle of "who owns the ownership and management right, who owns the safety responsibility". Strengthen the supervision before, during and after the operation safety of the power exchange station, require the power exchange operation company to carry out the safety self-inspection work of the power exchange facilities every month, and the relevant regulatory departments shall formulate emergency plans for accident early warning and emergency handling. The people’s governments of all districts shall assume the main regulatory responsibility, and the law enforcement departments shall investigate and deal with suspected illegal acts in strict accordance with laws and regulations. (Responsible units: District People’s Governments, Yucai Ecological Zone Management Committee, Yazhouwan Science and Technology City Administration, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, Sanya Power Supply Bureau, Municipal Fire Rescue Detachment, Municipal Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau and Municipal Emergency Management Bureau)

3. Implement the effectiveness evaluation of power exchange mode promotion. The Office of the Special Class for Promoting the Construction of the New Energy Vehicle Switching Pilot City in Sanya City, together with the relevant responsible departments, will decompose and refine the task of promoting the switching pilot and supervise its implementation, prepare an evaluation report on the effectiveness of the promotion and implementation of the switching mode on an annual basis, sum up the lack of experience in the annual promotion, and reasonably revise the objectives of the promotion task for the next year. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Science, Technology and Information Technology, member unit of Sanya New Energy Vehicle Power Exchange Pilot City Construction Promotion Special Class)

(6) Strengthening policy support.

Strengthen the convergence of provincial and municipal policies, explore the incentive forms of complementary fiscal and taxation policies and non-fiscal policies, strengthen the support of power exchange policies, and promote the pace of construction of pilot cities for power exchange with high quality.

1. Give awards to key demonstration projects. Implement the reward requirements of Hainan Province New Energy Vehicle Switching Mode Application Pilot Implementation Plan (Qiong Gongxin Automobile [2021] No.195), and give 2 million and 4 million rewards to the cruise taxi and medium-heavy truck switching demonstration projects that successfully applied for key application fields from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022, respectively, and encourage the qualified cruise taxi and medium-heavy truck switching demonstration application projects in the city to actively apply for provincial rewards. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology and Municipal Finance Bureau)

2. Give subsidies for power station construction. Implementation of the "Guiding Opinions on Supporting the Construction of Electric Vehicle Switching Stations in Hainan Province (Trial)" (Qiong Fa Gai Energy Letter [2021] No.513) and the "Hainan Province New Energy Vehicle Switching Mode Application Pilot Implementation Plan" (Qiong Gong Xin Automobile [2021] No.195) award compensation standards, Sanya City passed the acceptance from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022 and was connected to the provincial level. In 2023, the adjustment of subsidy standard for power station replacement will be implemented according to relevant provincial policies. (Responsible unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau)

3. Give the replacement vehicle a price difference subsidy. Considering the high cost of vehicle energy replacement at the initial stage of the promotion of power replacement mode, the actual users of power replacement version new energy vehicles purchased in Hainan Province and registered in Sanya for the first time during the pilot period will be given an additional subsidy of 6,000 yuan for bicycle energy replacement in addition to the provincial charging fee subsidy; For users of electric vehicles purchased from September 17th, 2022 to March 31st, 2023 and meeting the subsidy requirements, the subsidy standard shall be implemented in accordance with the Action Plan for Coordinating Epidemic Prevention and Control and Boosting Economic Growth in Sanya. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology and Municipal Finance Bureau)

4. Give the power exchange mode to promote financial support. Develop consumer credit and insurance services under the sales mode of "separation of vehicles and electricity"; Encourage banking institutions to introduce exclusive bank credit according to the credit level of operating companies, provide battery mortgage loan services to power exchange operators, and give preferential interest rates for exclusive loans when risks are controllable and conditions are available. (Responsible units: Municipal Financial Development Bureau, Sanya Central Sub-branch of China People’s Bank, Sanya Supervision Branch of Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission, and Municipal Science and Technology Bureau)

V. Organizational leadership

The leading group of the joint meeting of the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in Sanya will co-ordinate the pilot work of replacing electricity with new energy vehicles in Sanya, and set up a special work promotion class headed by city leaders and attended by all municipal units. The office of the work promotion special class is located in the Municipal Bureau of Science, Technology and Information Technology, which makes overall plans to balance the annual indicators of funds, projects and financial incentives, and carries out evaluation on major issues; By holding joint meetings on a regular basis, we will report the progress of the pilot project of power exchange, solve the problems existing in the work of each working group, and urge all districts and relevant departments to complete relevant objectives and tasks. Under the special class, there are working groups on demonstration and application promotion of power exchange vehicles, supporting planning of power exchange infrastructure, ecological construction of power exchange industry and market operation management of power exchange mode, all of which cooperate with each other to form a professional and sustainable working mechanism.

VI. Safeguard measures

(A) to strengthen institutional mechanisms.

Give full play to the overall coordination role of the joint meeting of new energy vehicles in Sanya City and the pilot work of changing electricity, and form a coordinated working mechanism and regular consultation system in conjunction with relevant municipal departments and district people’s governments. Effectively strengthen the organization and leadership of the pilot work of power exchange in Sanya, strengthen communication and coordination among departments, actively implement the application pilot work, track the progress of various tasks, and ensure the smooth completion of the pilot work of power exchange mode application in Sanya.

(2) Increase policy support.

Through policy incentives, we will guide local operating enterprises to cooperate with industry organizations and associations to carry out technical innovation of power exchange, and actively carry out comprehensive services such as consultation, exchange and technical transaction of power exchange mode. We will increase financial support, vigorously support the promotion of power exchange mode in Sanya through three financing channels: municipal financial capital investment, enterprise capital investment and social capital investment, and at the same time attract and encourage qualified social capital and financial institutions to increase special support for key projects of enterprises in the industrial chain of new energy vehicle power exchange mode.

(3) Strengthen publicity and public opinion guidance

Optimize the promotion atmosphere of the city’s new energy vehicle replacement mode, and release the signal of industrial innovation and development. Broaden the publicity channels, support the holding of international influential forums, seminars and exhibitions on the development of new energy automobile industry with power exchange mode, and fully display the development and innovation achievements of new energy automobile industry with power exchange mode in Sanya. Actively carry out publicity activities on the theme of knowledge popularization, application guidance and model creation of new energy vehicles, build a good public opinion atmosphere by using the Internet, exhibitions, public activities and other forms, improve the public’s recognition and acceptance of new energy vehicles, further accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, and help build a national ecological civilization experimental zone.

(four) the implementation of industry service guarantee.

Each department, in combination with its own responsibilities, further optimizes the procedures and processes such as the construction of power exchange infrastructure, the licensing of vehicles, the issuance of incentive funds, and the implementation of preferential policies, publishes the annual promotion plan of power exchange vehicles and the recommended catalogue of power exchange vehicles, reasonably guides the expectations of enterprises, facilitates the operation of enterprises, and provides high-quality public services for users who purchase and use power exchange new energy vehicles and the construction and operation units of power exchange stations.

(E) the establishment of assessment mechanisms.

In view of the work tasks deployed by the special work class, the supervision and assessment system is implemented, and the evaluation and assessment mechanism for the promotion of power exchange mode is established through regular inspection, random inspection and public opinion survey. According to the implementation of the tasks reported by each member unit, the office of the special class forms a monthly inspection report, which is reported to the main leaders of the municipal party Committee, the municipal government and various member departments, and the work completion of each unit is included in the annual assessment scope.

Christopher Nolan’s 12th directorial work, Oppenheimer, a highly anticipated blockbuster film, will finally appear on the big screen in mainland China. Cillian Murphy, who worked with Nolan for six times, finally became the leading actor, playing the famous and once infamous physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. (Author: Sadako)

Although history textbooks mention the American study of the atomic bomb and the Manhattan Project, most viewers are not familiar with Oppenheimer. Nolan, who doesn’t take the usual path, has taken a fancy to this historical figure and made it into Oscar’s favorite biography type. The history behind this figure must have something strange.

Nolan emphasized that you can watch this film without doing any homework, but knowing more about the background knowledge will still make the audience better feel the ups and downs behind history.

Oppenheimer’s most important identity is "the father of the atomic bomb". He is the theoretical physicist in charge of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the Manhattan Project. The deadly weapon developed by this top secret project destroyed the two cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in 1945.

Oppenheimer stills

There is no doubt that Oppenheimer is a genius, and his IQ has far surpassed his peers since childhood, which is the starting point for him to embark on the road of developing atomic bombs. But genius may generally be accompanied by a relatively withdrawn personality, depression and even schizophrenia …

Oppenheimer expressed his views on the seriousness of nuclear weapons after the two atomic bombs detonated against Japan, and publicly opposed the development of hydrogen bombs intended for the former Soviet Union during the Cold War in later years.

Coupled with the American Communist identity of Oppenheimer’s lover and wife, he was regarded as a sympathizer of the American Communist Party when he met McCarthyism in the United States after World War II, and therefore he accepted numerous investigations. The success of the atomic bomb did not make him a "hero" in the traditional sense. He even quoted the famous saying in the Bhagavad gita: "Now I have become a god of death, the destroyer of the world."

Oppenheimer, directed by Nolan, faithfully adapted the original biography written by historian Martin Kallving and writer Kay Bird-Prometheus in America (the book was officially translated into Oppenheimer’s Biography in Chinese).

It is said that this book was given to Nolan by Robert Pattinson as a gift at the party in Tenet. Nolan became obsessed with Oppenheimer after reading it, which is also the origin of Oppenheimer.

01. Who is Oppenheimer?

Julius Robert Oppenheimer was born on April 22nd, 1904. "Julius" has the same name as Julius Caesar, but as shown in the movie, Oppenheimer doesn’t like this name and uses his middle name "Robert". He became famous for his academic talent at an early age, and began to study physics and chemistry at the age of 10.

Young Oppenheimer

When he was 12 years old, new york Mineralogy Club invited him to speak at the meeting. At that time, they didn’t realize that he was not old enough to go to middle school. He graduated from Harvard University at the age of 22, and it took him three years to complete his undergraduate course. At that time, he studied chemistry instead of physics.

After graduation, Oppenheimer went to Europe and began to study at Cambridge University. Oppenheimer’s classmates at Harvard once said that Oppenheimer confessed to him that he injected potassium cyanide into the apple on the desk of his Cambridge professor and then threw it away the next day before the professor ate it. This plot was also restored in the movie.

However, Oppenheimer’s grandson Charles once told foreign media that it was not true. "There is no record that he tried to kill people. This is a very serious accusation and historical revisionism. In Robert Oppenheimer’s life, no enemy or friend has heard of it and thinks it really happened. "

Oppenheimer was unhappy in Cambridge, and then transferred to the University of G? ttingen, where he studied under Max Born (one of the founders of quantum mechanics, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics) and obtained a doctorate in physics. He returned to the United States, became an adviser to the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) after World War I, and taught at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1929 to 1943.

Oppenheimer as Hirian Murphy.

Although President Roosevelt expressed some hesitation, the United States launched the "Manhattan Project" during World War II, aiming at researching and manufacturing atomic bombs. In 1942, Oppenheimer was recruited by leslie groves (played by Matt Damon), the commander-in-chief of Manhattan Project. In 1943, he was appointed as the head of the laboratory of Project Y (Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico), devoted to the study of weapon physics.

On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb "Trinity" in human history was detonated here under the command of Oppenheimer. In August of the same year, Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed; In November, Oppenheimer left the Manhattan Project.

02.奥本海默的家庭与爱情

艾米丽布朗特和原型对比

奥本海默于1940年与生物学家凯瑟琳“基蒂”·奥本海默（娘家姓普宁）结婚。基蒂（由艾米莉布朗特饰演）此前已经结过三次婚：她在1933年作废了第一次婚姻；她的第二任丈夫是美共，在西班牙内战期间去世；她与第三任丈夫理查德·哈里森结婚时，认识了奥本海默，与理查德离婚后，与奥本海默结婚。

基蒂和奥本海默有两个孩子：1941年出生的儿子彼得，和1944年出生的女儿凯瑟琳“托尼”。根据美国国家核科学与历史博物馆的说法，基蒂曾在上文中提到过的洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室短暂工作过，她经常为实验室内的其他科学家妻子们举办party。

她是奥本海默的第一个，也是最重要的知己。基蒂还曾经历过酗酒和抑郁症，特别是在奥本海默于1967年去世后，她于1972年在巴拿马因肺栓塞而去世。

塔特洛克和演员佛劳伦斯对比

在遇到基蒂之前，奥本海默曾与精神科医生、也是美共党员的吉恩·塔特洛克（弗洛伦斯·皮尤饰）在一起过。两人于1936年相识，但塔特洛克在1939年跟他分手了。然而，在奥本海默与基蒂结婚期间，他和塔特洛克重燃爱火。

In 1943, he even made a special trip from Los Alamos Laboratory to San Francisco to spend the night with Tatlock. Tatlock committed suicide in January 1944. There are two different explanations about her death.

03. What other contributions did Oppenheimer make?

Oppenheimer is mainly engaged in theoretical physics and has made many contributions in this field. Although he is famous as the "father of the atomic bomb", he is also responsible for inventing the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (also known as adiabatic approximation), which is a mathematical approximation method in molecular dynamics.

His work also laid the foundation for some discoveries of other scientists in the future, such as neutrons, mesons and neutron stars, and other theoretical contributions.

04. What is the Manhattan Project?

In 1939, scientists all over the world learned that scientists from Nazi Germany (including Werner Heisenberg, the Heisenberg of Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, whom Oppenheimer met at the University of G? ttingen) had learned how to split uranium atoms. This process is called nuclear fission, which requires a neutron to collide with uranium atoms, thus releasing energy, which may have devastating consequences.

This news has aroused the vigilance of scientists around the world, especially because it means that the Nazis may invent their own atomic weapons.

Albert Einstein (tom conti), who fled Nazi Germany, and physicist Leo Slizad all took action to talk with President Roosevelt about the seriousness of this situation and encourage Roosevelt to let scientists devote themselves to developing their own projects in the United States.

Einstein and Oppenheimer

Oppenheimer and Einstein in the film

The American government launched the Manhattan Project in 1942, but Einstein himself did not participate in this military and scientific project. The project was originally headquartered in new york, hence its name, and was led by Lieutenant General leslie groves (Matt Damon) mentioned above.

Comparison between groves and Matt Damon

The program has two secret nuclear facilities, one in Oakridge, Tennessee, and the other in hanford, Washington, and the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico, where Oppenheimer is the research director. Although 120,000 people participated in the Manhattan Project, only a few people knew the real purpose of their contribution.

The first atomic bomb in human history was detonated on July 16th, 1945 in the desert of Jurnada de Mueto, more than 200 miles south of Los Alamos, which was called Trinity Experiment. Oppenheimer chose "Trinity" as the code name, which was inspired by the poem of John Dunn, a British poet in the 16th century (it was also recommended to him by his lover Tatlock).

Oppenheimer et al. in Los Amos

The experimental results of the explosion shocked all the participants, and the explosion could be felt in houses 160 kilometers away, and the mushroom cloud expanded to about 12.8 kilometers above the sky.

After the Trinity Experiment, Oppenheimer recalled, "Some people laughed, some people cried, and most people remained silent." The most famous sentence he said at that time came from the Hindu classic Bhagavad-gita: "Now, I am a god of death, the destroyer of the world." （Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.）

05. What’s Oppenheimer’s attitude towards the atomic bomb?

Oppenheimer and Murphy

Oppenheimer has always been confident in his work, including the two atomic bombs that exploded in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. In the 2012 book Robert Oppenheimer: A Life in the Center, author Jay Monk wrote that on August 6, 1945 (the date when the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima), Oppenheimer and other scientists seemed to be full of victory.

As described in the book, "In the cheers, Oppenheimer told the crowd that it was too early to evaluate the results of the explosion, but’ the Japanese don’t like it’." Monk added that Oppenheimer’s only regret was that "we didn’t develop the bomb in time to deal with the Germans."

Oppenheimer was not proud or happy when the second atomic bomb destroyed Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945. Monk wrote that an FBI report said that Oppenheimer became a "nervous person" after the Nagasaki incident on August 9, and was described as "how many real benefits can be brought by unwilling to commit to continuing the atomic bomb work".

06. What did Oppenheimer say after the 1945 nuclear explosion?

On August 17th, 1945, Oppenheimer went to Washington, D.C., and sent a handwritten letter to Henry L Stinson, then the Secretary of the Army of the United States, expressing his disgust at dropping bombs and his hope that nuclear weapons would be banned. Stinson had specifically asked the atomic bomb to avoid Kyoto, because it was in Kyoto that he and his wife spent their honeymoon (this detail was supplemented by Stinson’s actor james remar and added to the film by Nolan).

Comparison between Truman and Gary Odeman

In October of the same year, Oppenheimer went to the White House to meet the then US President Truman (Gary Oldman), which was extremely unpleasant. Oppenheimer said to the president, "Mr. President, I think my hands are covered with blood." The president dismissed his confession, pointing out that it was Truman who made the decision to drop the atomic bomb, not Oppenheimer. Truman also had a bad opinion of Oppenheimer. "I never want to see that X(son of a bitch in this office again."

1945年11月，奥本海默离开了洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室的职位。在告别演讲中他承认，最初建造核弹的原因，是人们认为使用这种武器可能是赢得二战的唯一途径。一旦清楚地意识到可以在没有使用原子弹的情况下赢得战争，不同的动机就产生了。

1946年，因在洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室所做出的贡献，奥本海默被杜鲁门总统颁发了最高荣誉勋章。

07.奥本海默是美共党员吗？

在两颗原子弹爆炸后的几年，美国政治局势很紧张。奥本海默被任命为原子能委员会（AEC）的总顾问委员会主席，在这个职位上，他反对发展氢弹。

当时，美国与前苏联正深陷冷战，奥本海默反对制造氢弹的建议，被视为政治立场有问题，他很快被卷入了麦卡锡主义，受到了美国政府的调查。

斯特劳斯和唐尼对比

1953年12月，当时的原子能委员会主席（也是奥本海默的敌人）刘易斯·施特劳斯（小罗伯特·唐尼饰）通知奥本海默，由于奥本海默被指控与美共有联系，是苏联间谍，他的安全许可被暂停，敦促奥本海默辞职。奥本海默的情人塔特洛克、弟弟弗兰克·奥本海默和弟妹杰姬都是已知的美共党员，奥本海默在伯克利教书期间，以及曼哈顿计划期间都曾受到调查。

爱德华泰勒和萨夫迪对比

Oppenheimer did not resign, but asked for a hearing on the matter, which began in April 1954 and lasted for four weeks. Some of Oppenheimer’s former colleagues testified against him, including edward tylor (Beni Safdie), the future "father of the hydrogen bomb", and Taylor lost his popularity in the scientific community. In the end, Oppenheimer lost his security clearance and his job.

08. The last ten years of Oppenheimer’s life

Oppenheimer’s later years

Since 1954, Oppenheimer has been living in the Virgin Islands with his family for several months every year from time to time (this experience is not mentioned in the film). Although he lost his power in politics, Oppenheimer continued to give lectures and study physics in the following days.

In 1959, John F. Kennedy, who was still a congressman, opposed Oppenheimer’s enemy Strauss, and finally helped to end Strauss’s political career.

In 1962, Kennedy, who was already the president of the United States, invited Oppenheimer to the White House. At that time, the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission asked Oppenheimer whether to restore his security clearance, but Oppenheimer refused.

A year later, Oppenheimer won the Fermi Prize for his scientific achievements. At that time, President Kennedy had been assassinated, and his widow Jacqueline made a special trip to tell Oppenheimer that Kennedy hoped Oppenheimer would win the prize.

On February 18th, 1967, Oppenheimer died of throat cancer in his sleep at the age of 62.

In 2022, Oppenheimer’s security clearance was finally restored.

　　[Guangming Forum]

　　Author: Liu Dian, White (researcher of Shanghai Supreme Leader New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, associate researcher of China Research Institute of Fudan University, vice president of Peking University Capital Development Research Institute).

　　The data shows that in the first half of 2024, the operating income of cultural and related industries enterprises above designated size nationwide totaled 6,496.1 billion yuan, achieving a steady growth of 7.5% over the same period of last year. Among them, the operating income of 16 industries with distinctive new cultural format features reached 2,702.4 billion yuan, up 11.2% over the same period of last year, which was 3.7 percentage points higher than that of all cultural enterprises above designated size, highlighting the strong momentum of vigorous development and innovation of China’s cultural industry.

　　Culture makes the country prosperous and the nation strong. Deepening the reform of cultural system and mechanism is an inherent requirement to promote high-quality development and an important part of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization" focuses on the important mission of continuing the Chinese context and promoting cultural prosperity, focusing on building a socialist cultural power, putting forward the important task of deepening the reform of cultural system and mechanism, clarifying the reform path and specific measures, and providing fundamental follow-up and pointing out the direction for cultural reform and development in the new era. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has placed cultural construction in an important position in governing the country, raised the flag from a global and strategic perspective, worked out the layout of articles, and promoted the cultural construction in the new era to carry out a series of transformative practices and achieved a series of landmark achievements. Important legal documents such as the Public Cultural Service Guarantee Law and the Cultural Industry Promotion Law have been promulgated one after another, providing a solid legal guarantee for the standardized operation of the cultural market and the sustained and healthy development of the cultural industry. Deepening the reform of cultural system and mechanism at a new historical starting point and promoting cultural prosperity are related to the overall situation of Chinese modernization and the long-term stability of the country and the sustainable development of the nation.

　　At present, the results of the reform of the cultural system and mechanism benefit all the people more fairly. Museum tours, ancient city tours and non-legacy tours are favored, and the cultural tourism economy is booming; Farmers’ bookstores, community study rooms, cultural stations, etc. have opened up the "last mile" of cultural benefits for the people; Folk culture festival, drama going to the countryside, popular science lecture hall and other unique cultural activities have given people a cultural feast … … The deepening of the reform of cultural system and mechanism will further integrate the allocation of cultural resources, improve the quality and efficiency of cultural products, be conducive to the healthy development of the cultural market, and constantly promote the all-round prosperity of cultural undertakings and cultural industries. The continuous improvement of the public cultural service system has also greatly improved the quality and quantity of cultural products. According to statistics, there are over 3,300 public libraries, over 10,000 cultural centers and museums, and over 33,500 new public cultural spaces. All public libraries, cultural centers, cultural stations, art galleries and more than 90% museums have been opened free of charge, which has truly realized the concept of "barrier-free, zero threshold" public cultural service and greatly improved the level of public cultural service.

　　The power of scientific and technological innovation also provides kinetic energy for deepening the reform of cultural system and mechanism. With the rapid development of advanced information technology and the popularity of the Internet, the digital cultural industry is rising at an unprecedented speed, and technologies such as 5G and artificial intelligence are infiltrating into every corner of the cultural industry at an unprecedented speed, becoming the key force to promote the high-quality development of the cultural industry. For example, in Jiuzhouchi Scenic Area of Luoyang City in the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Luoyang, Henan Province, visitors can walk into the immersive virtual reality experience area of the TV series "The Wind Rises in Luoyang" in Hanfu and experience the cultural journey of "crossing time and space"; The National Library successfully realized the digital presentation of the ancient book Yongle Dadian by using interactive technologies such as three-dimensional virtual reality and light and shadow restoration. The successful application for the Beijing Central Axis has set a global precedent for digital technology to participate in the application for the World Heritage.

　　Optimizing personnel training is the propeller to deepen the reform of cultural system and mechanism. In the process of deepening the reform of cultural system and mechanism, it is necessary to put talent training and introduction in a prominent position and establish and improve a multi-level and multi-channel cultural talent training system. For example, Zhejiang Province launched the Zhejiang Rural Cultural Industry Operation Talents Training Program, aiming at cultivating a group of compound cultural talents who know both art and management, creativity and technology, and providing talent support for the sustained and healthy development of the cultural industry. Looking at the whole country, more than 200 colleges and universities have set up undergraduate majors related to cultural industries, which cover many directions such as cultural management, cultural industry management, cultural market operation and management, and have delivered a large number of professionals for cultural industries.

　　Deepening the reform of cultural system and mechanism is a systematic project, which needs to start from many aspects and form a joint force. Only in this way can we continuously promote the prosperity and development of China’s cultural undertakings and cultural industries, provide strong cultural soft power support for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and then lay a solid cultural foundation for realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Special feature of 1905 film network In 2023, the box office exceeded 14 billion, and (4.5 billion) and (3.957 billion) were temporarily listed in the top two of the annual box office. And many other works that have attracted much attention have been finalized.

There are various types of films, breakthroughs in technological innovation, sublimation of artistic value, and dynamic upgrading of industrial development. When the spring blossoms in 2023, China films also ushered in a new spring.

In order to thoroughly publicize and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, on the occasion of the convening of the two sessions of the National People’s Congress, the film channel launched the "Blue Feather Meeting Room" at 22:00 every night, which was specially planned — —"Dialogue in Spring", the host Lan Yu talked with the heads of China film leading enterprises, and wrote a new look of China film from different angles.

A new starting point of light and shadow, a new journey of endeavor. This program,Lan Yu talks with Committee member Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, Party Secretary, Chairman of China Film Group, Chairman and General Manager of China Film Co., Ltd., focusing on the reserve, renewal and upgrading of China Film’s entire industrial chain, and working together to build a healthy film industry ecology in China.

PART.　01

As the backbone of China films, China Film is at the forefront of the development of the times and grasps the pulse of China films. Fu Ruoqing, the head of China Film, shoulders the mission and responsibility of Commissioner Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and has been immersed in the film industry for many years. He is committed to making suggestions on the national stage as a representative of filmmakers with rich experience and unique perspectives, showing the filmmakers’ love for China culture and their confidence and courage in jointly enhancing the soft power of China culture.

In Fu Ruoqing’s office, there are two eye-catching Chinese film Golden Rooster trophies, one belonging to and the other belonging to, which represent the honor that China Film has won in the new era.

In the new year, China Film will continue to exert its strength and strive to launch more excellent works that are applauded and popular.

Since the previous year, China Film has gradually formed an original film reserve of about 50 films each year.Up to this year, the launch of the New Year is coming soon. Including comedies and suspense films, the list of films to be shown is rich and varied.

China Film has been playing an exemplary role in China’s film industry by launching key theme works at major national time nodes. Not only that, as the industry leader, it is more active in uniting all forces in the film industry, seeking win-win cooperation and jointly promoting the continuous progress of China films.

"Our cooperation is very close and pleasant, whether it is the leading enterprises or small and medium-sized enterprises. Only when everyone grows up together, prospers the market and diversifies the film can the audience have reason to return to the cinema. " Fu ruoqing said.

In the Spring Festival of 2023, the box office was full of red, which boosted the confidence of the entire film industry.

China Film has produced many blockbusters such as Wandering Earth 2 in this Spring Festival. The box office of the Spring Festival finally reached 6.7 billion, and the total box office in January broke through the 10 billion mark. "This is rare in the past years." Fu Ruoqing said frankly that after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the film market in China recovered and ushered in a good start. As a filmmaker, he is particularly happy.

PART.　02

In recent years, China Film has seized the time to strengthen its creative and productive forces."Creative reserve, content reserve, technical support for production process, update, iteration and projection update iteration have accumulated strength for two or three years."

Take CINITY technology as an example. Compared with using other cameras to complete the corresponding shooting according to CINITY coefficient, China Film will now directly use CINITY camera to complete CINITY’s requirements on light, pixels and color. "From the end to the front, we basically opened up the industrial chain." Fu Ruoqing said.

In terms of creation, China Film has spent four years preparing to create a landmark masterpiece "Wandering Earth 2" in China’s film history.

In Fu Ruoqing’s view, hard science fiction movies are one of the most difficult to make. Because science fiction movies need a huge volume to build the future world. It needs not only the story context of suspense films, but also the structure of emotional or comedy films, and it also needs to satisfy a lot of fantastic imagination and longing.

Unlike other sci-fi films, hard sci-fi imagination can’t be swayed by the horse. For example, it is hard for the audience to believe that cars will become spherical in the future, and such film creation must be based on scientific basis.

Therefore, China Film especially emphasized the credibility of the sci-fi plot in Wandering Earth 2, and invited many scientists to escort it, providing professional scientific theoretical opinions and data calculation support for props or plots such as space elevators and moon explosions.

Hard science fiction shooting is a tedious process. After exploring Wandering Earth 1 and Wandering Earth 2, China Film gradually found its own methodology.Fu Ruoqing felt that China’s hard power has steadily improved, and the industrialization of China’s films has created high-quality conditions for hard-core sci-fi film shooting.He hopes that through the exploration and practice of Wandering Earth 2, the types of films in China will be enriched, and in the process of enrichment, the production and distribution level of films in China will be continuously improved.

As of press time, the cumulative box office of Wandering Earth 2 exceeded 3.9 billion. The film is being shown overseas in batches. In addition to painting in North America, Australia, New Zealand, Britain and other eight regions, we will meet with audiences from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Russia, the Middle East, Africa, Japan and South Korea.

Fu Ruoqing believes that the performance of Wandering Earth 2 proves that China films can have a certain international voice in science fiction films.

PART.　03

As the "vanguard" of China films,China Film Co., Ltd. took the lead in launching Wave Film Week with more than a dozen film companies including Ali, Wanda and Emperor.

Unlike other film festivals, venture capitalists pay more attention to the credibility of the film. In Wave Film Week, film companies will immediately claim, shoot, plan and then invest in the market for works that feel good. "whether it is art or business, it must be in line with the market. We will also tap talents and increase film reserves in this way, so that long-term investment can reach a higher and higher market state, and film creation will return to the proper value range. "

After the Golden Rooster Awards ceremony last year, the film channel organized the award-winning filmmakers to get together and had a round-table dialogue interview. Every filmmaker present at that time wrote down his expectations for China’s films."Healthy film ecology in China" was Fu Ruoqing’s hope at that time.

After a year, I mentioned it again, and the "head" of China Film further explained his beautiful vision to us.

"The film itself is a big ecology. After the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the creative direction of China culture and China films has become clearer, and the ecological health of creative ports should be continuously promoted. " For example, Fu Ruoqing said that true stories, original literature, original music, songs and dances are all creative sources, and extracting themes from them or integrating them into film expression is conducive to forming a virtuous circle.

In addition, as a person with public influence, he should base his character, manners, behavior and even the seriousness of film creation on a good attitude, thus forming a better ecology.

"Everything in every link should not grow up in impetuousness, so that the whole industry will be balanced and the whole ecology will be completely healthy."

To tell the story of China well and promote China’s films to "go global", Fu Ruoqing concluded that the brilliant achievements of China’s films cannot be separated from the strong support of China’s economy, China’s industry and China’s hard-core technology.

The envisaged film spring in China is a picture of unity, tension, seriousness and liveliness. What he particularly hopes is that the film ecology in China can be organically combined and complement each other, and constantly push China films forward.

The online and offline supply of antipyretics and COVID-19 drugs is sufficient.

　　In the past few days, the reporter saw from the circle of friends that a small number of "small partners" exposed the test results of COVID-19 antigen and showed positive results. Can I buy COVID-19 drugs such as Pfizer Paxlovid and Azvudine online now? There is no infection, do you need to prepare medicine at home? Who needs COVID-19 vaccine? In the past few days, the reporter has written the latest situation of disease prevention and control through online pro-testing, visiting pharmacies and combing authoritative information.

　　Pro-test:

　　Doctors can buy COVID-19 medicine in medical e-commerce with valid prescriptions.

　　Can I buy COVID-19 drugs on the medical e-commerce platform? On the morning of May 8, the reporter searched for Ali Health, JD Health and Meituan to buy medicines, but the keywords "Pfizer Paxlovid" and "Azvudine" on the home page all showed no results. Subsequently, the reporter consulted the doctor of its Internet hospital in JD Health and proposed to buy Pfizer Paxlovid. The doctor said that at present, JD.COM’s official self-operated platform does not have this medicine, but it can be purchased through the platform’s cooperative pharmacies. It is understood that this partner is the flagship store of Guokang Medical Clinic. The reporter saw from the store’s page that at present, azvudine, Pfizer Paxlovid (Nimatvir Tablets/Ritonavir Tablets) and Monola Wei Capsules of Merck are all available for sale. However, according to the process shown on the page, it is an appointment service, which requires registration+diagnosis and treatment+prescription, so it can be regarded as a one-time service.

　　In terms of selling price, the prices of azivudine, Pfizer Nimatvir Tablets/Ritonavir Tablets and Rituorui (Monola Wei Capsule) of Merck are 299 yuan, 2,170 yuan and 1,825 yuan. The reporter noticed that some users left a comment on May 3rd: "Buy on the first day and deliver on the second day", and the photos uploaded in the comment showed that the production date of azvudine was January 2023 and the validity period was until January 2024.

　　The reporter bought drugs in Meituan and entered the "COVID-19 Free Clinic" search. When he entered the "fever clinic guidance desk" page, there were five kinds of COVID-19 drugs to buy, all of which were shown as prescription drugs, including Pfizer Paxlovid (combined packaging of Naimatvir tablets/ritonavir tablets), Leruiling, Xiannuoxin (combined packaging of Xiannuowei tablets/ritonavir tablets), Mindevio and Rituorui. According to the page, the above drugs are not open for retail sale, and only users with positive nucleic acid/antigen can consult online doctors with positive results. When the reporter tried to buy Pfizer Paxlovid, he had to fill in the basic information and upload the positive certificate of COVID-19 infection, otherwise he could not enter the next Internet doctor’s diagnosis prescription.

　　In terms of selling price, Pfizer Paxlovid shows 2170 yuan, which is the same as that of JD Health platform. For the other four models, the prices of Leruiling, Sanofin (combined packaging of Sanofibrate Tablets/Littori Tonavir Tablets), Mindevio and Lezhuorui are 698 yuan, 725 yuan, 725 yuan and 1499 yuan respectively.

　　The reporter tried to buy COVID-19 medicine in Ali Health Pharmacy, and asked the doctor for a fever. At the expense of 5 yuan, he hung up the number of a doctor in Ali Health Internet Hospital, simply stated his illness and said that he needed to prescribe Pfizer Paxlovid, and soon the doctor made a prescription. However, in addition to doctors’ prescriptions, the platform also needs to fill in personal ID cards and other related information. After the information is filled in, you can enter the payment page. Pfizer Paxlovid shows that the price is also 2170 yuan on Ali Health Platform. According to insiders, COVID-19 medicine is sold in pharmacies, and pharmaceutical e-commerce provides a way to find medicine.

　　As for ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, Lianhua Qingwen tablets, acetaminophen tablets, Ganmaoling granules, Yanyan tablets and other drugs, according to a number of medical e-commerce platforms, they are currently sold in stock and the goods are sufficient.

　　Offline, "We now have Paxlovid from Pfizer (referred to as drug P) and Monola Wei from Merck (referred to as drug M); Compared with the existing consumption, the supply is sufficient. At present, the number of users of drug P is significantly higher than that of drug M. " The reporter learned from Guangzhou Hejia Hospital that in terms of price, drug P is 1790 yuan/box, and drug M is 1500 yuan/box. These drugs are sold at zero price. At present, the people who use drug M are mainly patients who can’t or are inconvenient to use drug P, such as patients with poor liver and kidney function, or patients who are currently using a variety of drugs at the same time and will adjust the dosage and frequency of a large number of drugs because of taking drug P, which will increase the difficulty of monitoring.

　　Guangzhou United Family Hospital reminded that according to the process, Paxlovid from Pfizer and Monola Wei from Merck are both therapeutic drugs, and they need to be used only when COVID-19 is diagnosed. Therefore, the drug generally needs to be prescribed to patients who meet the drug instructions after the doctor’s diagnosis.

　　Inactivated vaccines and recombinant protein vaccines are in sufficient supply in the market.

　　"According to the recent monitoring of outpatients, the incidence of local influenza has shown a downward trend, while the infection situation in Covid-19 has increased slightly." Hu Dandan, director of the Children’s Health Department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, said this.

　　Last month, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council issued the Work Plan for Vaccination in Response to the Recent Infection in Covid-19, which made it clear that the focus of vaccination in China at this stage is to fill the gap in immune level for different target groups and further reduce the risk of severe illness and death. Foshan CDC reminds that two groups of people who need to be vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine as soon as possible include uninfected people who have not completed the established procedures and infected people who have not completed the basic immunization. The first group of uninfected people includes those aged 3-17 who are uninfected and have not completed the basic immunization, those aged over 18 who are uninfected and have not completed the first dose of booster immunization, and those aged over 18 who are uninfected and have not completed the second dose of booster immunization (high-risk people with infection, elderly people over 60 years old, people with serious basic diseases and people with low immunity). The second group of people who have been infected and have not completed basic immunization can be vaccinated with one dose after 3 months of infection.

　　It is understood that at present, inactivated vaccines (Zhongsheng, Kexing), recombinant protein vaccines (Zhifei, Livzon) and inhaled Kangxinuo adenovirus vector vaccines are relatively abundant in the market, and the disease control department suggests that qualified people can complete vaccination as soon as possible after meeting the time interval requirements.

　　Experts: Pay attention to vulnerable people and monitor early warning.

　　Covid-19 is back in the public eye again. What should we do? Zhang Wenhong, director of the Infectious Diseases Department of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, said that to deal with the secondary infection in COVID-19, it is necessary to pay attention to vulnerable people, keep monitoring and early warning, prepare drugs well, and respond quickly to the arrival of any mutant strain.

　　Covid-19 infection treatment drugs are still welcoming "new stars". On March 28th, the quotation information of Shanghai Medical Insurance Bureau was publicized, and the treatment cost of Leruiling Lairuitewei tablets was 628 yuan per course, and it was included in the list of Class A drugs.

　　Up to now, there are six kinds of oral small molecule anti-COVID-19 drugs approved for marketing in China, including two imported drugs, Paxlovid (Nimatvir Tablets/Ritonavir Tablets) and Molnupiravir (Monola Wei Capsules), and four domestic drugs, namely azvudine, Mindevio, Senosin and Leruiling.

　　Li Ning, CEO of Junshi Bio, said earlier: "From the perspective of pharmaceutical manufacturers, the first thing we have to do is to be prepared. If there is infection, our drugs can meet the needs of patients "; Huaxin Securities Research Report believes that the demand for oral drugs in COVID-19 may reach a peak. In addition, the demand for COVID-19 drugs among people over 60 will remain at a high level.

Buprofen tablets production workshop

　　In the field of proprietary Chinese medicines, the reporter visited pharmacies and found that local "star drugs" such as Baiyunshan Banlangen granules, Kouyanqing granules, Baiyunshan antiviral oral liquid and Xiaochaihu granules were all placed in a conspicuous position. Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group introduced Baiyunshan and Huangzhong Medicine. On the one hand, the daily production capacity of Baiyunshan Radix Isatidis granules and compound Radix Isatidis granules can reach 200,000 packs. On the other hand, consumers are more rational, and most of them are purchased in small batches, so the channel supply can basically be met; Baiyun Mountain Huacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. said that Baiyun Mountain antiviral oral liquid continued to sell well. The company had previously introduced a new production line to produce antiviral oral liquid, in order to increase production capacity to meet market demand.